See text
Burmanniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 99 species of herbaceous plants in eight genera.[2]
These plants are annual or perennial herbs, with generally unbranched stems, some lacking leaves. Some members of this family lack chlorophyll and are mycotrophic (also called myco-heterotrophic).[3]
The family tends to be saprophytic and even the autotrophic species are all endomycorrhizal and probably at least hemisaprophytic.
The family occurs worldwide, with a mostly tropic to subtropical distribution. A number of species are threatened.
John Lindley described the family as Burmanniae, with the single genus Burmannia, in 1830.[4] In 1998 the APG I system[5] placed Burmanniaceae as one of five families in the order Dioscoreales, within the monocot clade. The APG II system of 2003,[6] as a result of an extensive study by Caddick and colleagues (2002),[7][8] using an analysis of three genes, rbcL, atpB and 18S rDNA, in addition to morphological criteria, led to a considerable rearrangement of the families within Dioscoreales. In APG II the circumscription of the family was wider and included the plants that belonged to the family Thismiaceae in APG I. The result was an order with only three families. APG III (2009)[1] left this arrangement unchanged.
Nevertheless, some ongoing research has challenged this relationship[9][10][11][12] claiming that the older classification better reflects the evolutionary relationships between the genera. According to these researchers the constituent clades are as follows:
Burmanniaceae sensu stricto
Afrothismia clade
Tribe Thismieae
But because of conflicting evidence, the APG IV (2016) authors[13] felt it was still premature to propose a restructuring of the order since the most recent evidence upholds the APG configuration and the work of Caddick and colleagues.[14]
According to molecular analyses, the myco-heterotrophic type of life that these species lead evolved six (or even more) times independently in the three clades that are part of Burmanniaceae. Afrothismia and tribe Thismieae represent two of these shifts to myco-heterotrophy from autotrophy while Burmanniaceae sensu stricto are the clade where the other four took place. The family appears in the Late Cretaceous but the further diversification and shifts to the typical habit occurred later in the same period and continued after the K-T boundary in Paleogene.[11]
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang awan cokelat Samudra Hindia. Untuk Tiongkok, lihat Polusi udara di Tiongkok. Awan Vokelat Atmosferik di belahan Tiongkok Badai Awan Cokelat Besar di belahan Asia Awan cokelat Samudra Hindia atau awan cokelat Asia adalah sebuah lapisan polusi udara yang menerjang belahan Asia Selatan, yakni utara Samudra Hindia, India, dan Pakistan.[1][2] Terlibat dari foto-foto satelit, awan tersebut tampak sebagai noda cokelat raksasa di udara di sepanjang seba…
Cover YouAlbum studio karya Morning MusumeDirilis26 November 2008GenreJ-popLabelZetimaProduserTsunkuKronologi Morning Musume Morning Musume All Singles Complete: 10th Anniversary(2007)Morning Musume All Singles Complete: 10th Anniversary2007 Cover You(2008) Platinum 9 Disc(2009)Platinum 9 Disc2009 Sampul alternatifSingel dalam album Cover You Pepper KeibuDirilis: 24 September 2008 Cover You adalah album cover dan tribute pertama grup idola Morning Musume, dirilis pada tanggal 26 November 200…
For the baseball team that played in Toronto until 1967, see Toronto Maple Leafs (International League). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Toronto Maple Leafs semi-pro baseball – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Toron…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يونيو 2019) رون كروسبي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 2 مارس 1955 (68 سنة) ماكيسبورت مواطنة الولايات المتحدة الطول 75 بوصة الوزن 224 رطل الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامع
Опис файлу Опис постер фільму «Прибулець» Джерело https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/13227/foto/620153/ Час створення 1979 Автор зображення Кіностудія ім. О. Довженка Ліцензія див. нижче Обґрунтування добропорядного використання Обґрунтування добропорядного використання не вказано назву с
النسوية البيضاء هي نعت يستخدم لوصف النظريات النسوية التي تركز على كفاح النساء البيض.[1] الموجة الأولي من الحركة النسوية بدأت الموجة الأولى من الحركة النسوية في أوائل العصر الحديث واستمرت حتى أوائل القرن العشرين، وركزت في المقام الأول على القضايا القانونية المتعلقة بالم…
ميثوتركسيت ميثوتركسيت الاسم النظامي (S)-2-(4-(((2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl) (methyl)amino)benzamido)pentanedioic acid يعالج سرطان الرأس والعنق، وسرطان مغزلي الخلايا، وسرطان الثدي، وأورام الأرومة الغاذية، وسرطان المريء، والتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، والتهاب مفصلي روماتويدي يفعي، وس…
العلاقات التوفالية الغينية توفالو غينيا توفالو غينيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات التوفالية الغينية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين توفالو وغينيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة توفالو غي…
Don RubboBorn(1926-12-05)December 5, 1926New Haven, ConnecticutDiedJanuary 1979 (aged 52)NationalityAmericanKnown forAdvertising, sculpture, painting, pop artWebsitehttps://www.donrubbo.com/ Don Rubbo (December 5, 1926 – January 1979) was a mentor and guide of Peter Max and an affiliate of Andy Warhol in the mid-1960s. His philosophy of life is art, art is life inspired and influenced many of his students. Early life and family Admondo Dondes Rubbo was born in New Haven, Connecticut. In F…
Period. End of Sentence.Poster filmSutradara Rayka Zehtabchi Produser Melissa Berton Garrett Schiff Ditulis olehSinematograferSam DavisPenyuntingSam DavisDistributorNetflixTanggal rilis 05 April 2018 (2018-04-05) (Cleveland International Film Festival) 19 Februari 2019 (2019-02-19) (Amerika Serikat) Durasi25 menitNegara Amerika Serikat Bahasa Hindi Period. End of Sentence. adalah film dokumenter pendek tahun 2018 yang disutradarai oleh Rayka Zehtabchi.[1][2] Fil…
Central Provincie in de Salomonseilanden Coördinaten 9°4'ZB, 160°13'OL Algemeen Oppervlakte 615 km² Inwoners (schatting 2008) 21.577 (35,1 inw./km²) Hoofdstad Tulagi Portaal Oceanië Central is een provincie van de Salomonseilanden die bestaat uit veel eilanden. De hoofdstad is Tulagi. De provincie bevat onder andere de Florida-eilanden, Russell-eilanden en Savo. De bevolking van de Central is hoofdzakelijk Melanesisch. Hoewel de provincie de grootste producent van kopra in de …
American actor (born 1963) For other uses, see Brad Pitt (disambiguation). Brad PittPitt in 2019BornWilliam Bradley Pitt (1963-12-18) December 18, 1963 (age 59)[1]Shawnee, Oklahoma, U.S.Alma materUniversity of MissouriOccupationsActorfilm producerYears active1987–presentWorksFull listSpouses Jennifer Aniston (m. 2000; div. 2005) Angelina Jolie (m. 2014; div. 2019)[…
1950 film by Ray Nazarro This article is about the film. For the radio program, see Counterspy (radio series). David Harding, CounterspyDirected byRay NazarroWritten byPhillips Lord(radio program)(as Phillips H. Lord)Screenplay byClint JohnstonTom ReedStory byClint JohnstonTom ReedProduced byMilton FeldmanStarringWillard ParkerCinematographyGeorge E. DiskantEdited byHenry BatistaProductioncompanyColumbia PicturesDistributed byColumbia PicturesRelease date July 13, 1950 (1950-07-13…
1999 Indian filmPrema KathaDirected byRam Gopal VarmaWritten byVara Prasad Varma (Dialogues)Screenplay byVara Prasad VarmaStory byVara Prasad VarmaProduced byNagarjuna AkkineniStarringSumanthManoj BajpayeeAntara MaliRadhikaNarasimharajuCinematographyVenkat PrasadEdited byBhanodayaMusic bySandeep ChowtaProductioncompanyAnnapurna StudiosDistributed byAnnapurna StudiosRelease date16 April 1999Running time123 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTelugu Prema Katha (transl. Love Story) is a 1999 Indian T…
2015 documentary miniseries The JinxGenre Documentary True crime Written by Andrew Jarecki Marc Smerling Zac Stuart-Pontier Directed byAndrew JareckiOpening themeFresh Blood by EelsComposers West Dylan Thordson John Kusiak Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of episodes6ProductionExecutive producerJason BlumProducers Marc Smerling Andrew Jarecki Production locationsNew York, U.S.CinematographyMarc SmerlingEditorZac Stuart-PontierRunning time38–51 minutesProduction compani…
2003 Irish filmBloomDVD coverDirected bySean WalshScreenplay bySean WalshBased onUlyssesby James JoyceProduced byGerry MurphyStarringStephen ReaAngeline BallHugh O'ConorCinematographyCiaran TanhamEdited bySarah ArmstrongProductioncompanyOdyssey PicturesDistributed byStoney Road FilmsRelease dates 13 June 2003 (2003-06-13) (Taormina Film Festival) 16 April 2004 (2004-04-16) (Ireland) Running time113 minutesCountryIrelandLanguageEnglish Bloom is a 2003 Irish f…
Montenegrin Serb general killed in Jasenovac death camp GeneralJovo BećirBorn(1870-09-14)14 September 1870Njeguši, Principality of MontenegroDied1942(1942-00-00) (aged 71–72)Jasenovac concentration camp, Independent State of CroatiaAllegiance Principality of Montenegro Kingdom of Montenegro Kingdom of YugoslaviaService/branchArmyYears of service1890–19221941RankGeneralUnitHerzegovina DetachmentBattles/wars First Balkan War Siege of Scutari World War I Battle of Moj…
TVRI BengkuluLPP TVRI Stasiun BengkuluKota Bengkulu, BengkuluIndonesiaSaluranDigital: 34 UHF (multipleksing TVRI Bengkulu)Virtual: 2SloganBesamo Kito Maju (Bersama Kita Maju)PemrogramanBahasaBahasa IndonesiaBahasa BengkuluAfiliasiTVRI NasionalKepemilikanPemilikLPP TVRIRiwayatDidirikan3 Agustus 1998Siaran perdana3 Agustus 1998Bekas nomor kanal48 UHF (analog)Informasi teknisOtoritas perizinanKementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik IndonesiaPemancar relaylihat kotak info di bawahPranalaSitu…
Speed skating at the Olympics Men's 10,000 metres speed skatingat the VIII Olympic Winter GamesPictogram for speed skatingVenueSquaw Valley Olympic Skating RinkDate27 February 1960Competitors30 from 15 nationsWinning time15:46.6 WRMedalists Knut Johannesen Norway Viktor Kosichkin Soviet Union Kjell Bäckman Sweden← 19561964 → Speed skating at the1960 Winter Olympics500 mmenwomen1000 mwomen1500 mmenwomen3000 mwomen5000 mmen10,000 mmenvte The 10,00…
2022 Indian period action film KGF: Chapter 2Theatrical release posterDirected byPrashanth NeelWritten byPrashanth NeelProduced byVijay KiragandurStarringYashSanjay DuttRaveena TandonSrinidhi ShettyPrakash RajArchana JoisAchyuth KumarVasishta N. SimhaRao RameshT. S. NagabharanaMalavika AvinashCinematographyBhuvan GowdaEdited byUjwal Kulkarni[1]Music byRavi BasrurProductioncompanyHombale FilmsDistributed byHombale Films throughKRG Studios and Jayanna Films (Kannada)Excel Entertainment and…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.15.202.145