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British Rail Class 305
British Rail Class 305
	Class 305 unit at York
In service	1959–2002
Manufacturer	British Rail
Order no.	30566 (BDTSOL, 305/2, as built); 30567 (MBSO, 305/2); 30568 (TSOL, 305/2); 30569 (DTSO, 305/2); 30570 (BDTSO, 305/1); 30571 (MBSO, 305/1); 30572 (DTSO, 305/1);
Built at	Holgate Road, York (305/1); Doncaster Works (305/2);
Family name	BR First Generation EMU
Replaced	Steam locomotives and carriages
Constructed	1959–1960
Refurbished	1983–1984 (305/2 facelift)
Number built	71
Number scrapped	71
Successor	Class 322 ; Class 323
Formation	Class 305/1 ; BDTSO+MBS+DTSO ; Class 305/2 As Built; BDTSOL+MBSO+TCsoL+DTS; Class 305/2 Facelifted ; BDTCOL+MBS+TSOL+DTSO ; Class 305/3 ; BDTSO+MBS+TCsoL+DTSO
Diagram	As Built ; Class 305/1 413 MBSO; 436 BDTSO, DTSO; ; Class 305/2 405 MBSO; 437 DTS; 438 BDTSOL; 455 TCsoL; ; TOPS Codes ; Class 305/1 E204.0A MBSO; EE209.1B DTSO; EF205.0A; ; Class 305/2 ; As Built ED205.1B MBS; EE210.0A DTS; EF206.0A BDTSOL; EH302.1B TCsoL; ; Refurbished ; ED216.0A MBSO; EE220.0A DTS; EF304.0A BDTSOL; EH223.0A TSOL;
Design code	AM5
Fleet numbers	Class 305/1: 305401-305452; 75462-75513 BDTSO; 61429-61480 MBS; 75514-75565 DTSO; ; Class 305/2: 305501-305519; 75424-75442 BDTSOL later BDTCOL; 61410-61428 MBS later MBSO; 70356-70374 TCsoL later TSOL; 75443-75461 DTS later DTSO ;
Capacity	272 seats (305/1), ; 344 2nd + 19 1st (305/2)
Operators	British Rail; Network SouthEast; ScotRail (British Rail); Regional Railways North West; First North Western; ScotRail (National Express);
Depots	Ilford EMD; East Ham EMD; Glasgow Shields Road; Longsight Electric;
Specifications
Car body construction	Welded steel and spayed asbestos
Train length	199 ft 6 in (60.81 m) (305/1); 265 ft 8+1⁄2 in (80.99 m) (305/2)
Car length	63 ft 6+1⁄2 in (19.37 m)
Width	9 ft (2.74 m)
Height	12 ft 7 in (3.835 m)
Doors	Slam Door
Articulated sections	3 or 4
Wheelbase	46 ft 6 in (14.173 m) (bogie centres); 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) (bogies) ;
Maximum speed	75 mph (121 km/h)
Weight	119 t (117 long tons; 131 short tons) (305/1); 154 t (152 long tons; 170 short tons) (305/2);
Traction motors	4 × GEC WT380 of 153 kW (205 hp)
Auxiliaries	240 V from the tertiary winding of the main transformer for heating and for a Westinghouse charger feeding 110 V dc for lighting and battery charging
Power supply	Mercury-arc rectifiers (later replaced with silicon diode)
HVAC	Electric
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead; (and 6.25 kV until 1983)
Current collector(s)	Pantograph
Bogies	Gresley ED5 (MBS); Gresley ET8 (DTS); Gresley ET5 (BDTS, BTDC, TS; compound bolster;
Braking system(s)	Westinghouse EP air
Safety system(s)	AWS
Coupling system	Drophead
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The British Rail Class 305 was an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU). Under the pre-1973 British Rail numbering system, the class was known as AM5; when TOPS was introduced, it became Class 305.

Subclasses

Class 305 had four subclasses:

305/1 3-car units, standard class accommodation only, 52 units built in 1960
305/2 4-car units, first and standard class accommodation, 19 units built in 1959
305/3 4-car units, first and standard class accommodation, 8 units converted from 305/1 in 1988 by adding a TC from Class 302 units^[12]
305/9 3-car unit, non-passenger departmental conversion, converted 1984

Operations

305/1 units were generally deployed on inner suburban services on the Lea Valley lines out of London Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Hertford East. They mainly worked the Chingford and Enfield branches, where their average scheduled speed was 22 mph (35 km/h).^[3] However, they were also used on the Great Eastern lines out of London Liverpool Street and occasionally worked out of their ‘normal’ operating area when coupled to a 305/2 unit or any of the compatible EMUs in use at the time. These units were distinguished by their lower backed seating. 305/1 units were replaced from 1980 onwards by Class 315 units. They were not generally used elsewhere, but a small number of units are believed to have operated around Manchester for a brief period in the mid 1990s.^{[citation needed]} All examples of the subclass were scrapped.

305/2 units were generally deployed on outer suburban services on the Lea Valley Line out of London Liverpool Street to Bishops Stortford, the extent of electrification until 1987, where their average scheduled speed was 34 mph (55 km/h).^[3] Like the 305/1 units, they could occasionally be seen on other services out of Liverpool Street and were sometimes coupled to other compatible EMUs for multiple working.

One unit was converted in 1984 for use as a mobile classroom in connection with the East Coast Main Line electrification project, becoming unit 305935, painted in InterCity livery. One of the driving vehicles contained blue asbestos and was subsequently replaced with a driving vehicle from a withdrawn Class 302 set, forming a hybrid set but retaining the same unit number (305935).^[13] The unit was later used in East Anglia as part of the Great Eastern electrification and was deployed at Ipswich, Harwich Town and Cambridge.^[14]

The 305/2s were refurbished in the mid-late 1980s. As with the 308s, this involved moving first class to a driving trailer, new interior panels, new seats and fluorescent lights.

The 305/2s were initially replaced on the Lea Valley Line by British Rail Class 310 units during the late 1980s/early 1990s. Most of the 305/2s were overhauled at Doncaster, painted in Regional Railways livery and shortened to 3-car sets, before moving to the Manchester area, taking over services previously diagrammed by Class 304 units.

A handful were further repainted into Greater Manchester PTE livery, some regaining their TSO trailer and receiving additional luggage racks dedicated to the new services to Manchester Airport. Once Class 323 units were introduced, the 305s were gradually withdrawn; a few were retained on Glossop line services until track alignment was performed in 1997, allowing the longer bodied Class 323s to negotiate the sharp curves at Dinting station. The surviving units also occasionally turned up on other local services around Manchester, with the last 305 to work in the North West believed to be 305506 on 22 May 2000 operating the 20:57 from Stoke-on-Trent to Manchester Piccadilly.^[15]

Five 305/5s (305501-502, 508, 517 and 519) moved to Glasgow Shields depot retaining their 4-car configuration; they finished their working lives running the route from Edinburgh Waverley to North Berwick. The last unit in service, 305517, ran its final service on 25 January 2002, operating the 17:15 North Berwick to Edinburgh Waverley; it was sent for scrap on 31 January 2002, along with 305501 and 305519.^{[citation needed]}

Accidents and incidents

On 14 February 1990, an empty stock train formed of a Class 305 and a Class 308 unit was derailed at East Ham.^[16]

Preservation attempts

AC EMU Group aimed to save a Class 305 driving trailer, but by the time funding was found, they had all been scrapped, so a Class 308 driving trailer was saved instead.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Fox 1994, pp. 10–11
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Longworth 2015, pp. 129–130, 134–135, 158, 178–180
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Multiple-Unit Stock for New Great Eastern Electric Services". The Railway Magazine. No. January 1961. pp. 11–13.
^ Bowles, L.J. (1985). British Rail Coaching Stock 1985. Shepperton,Surry,UK. p. 121. ISBN 9780711014558.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Longworth 2015, pp. 70–71
^ British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989. Shepperton, Surry, UK: Ian Allan. 1989. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0711018499.
^ British Rail Coaching Stock 1983/84. Shepperton, Surry, UK: Ian Allan. 1989. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0711013527.
^ British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989. Shepperton, Surry, UK: Ian Allan. 1989. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0711018499.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Diagram Book 1986, ED204, ED205, ED216, EE209, EE210, EE220, EF205, EF206, EF304, EH223, EH302.
^ Fox 1987, pp. 51–52
^ Marsden, Colin (1982). Motive Power Recognition 2 EMUs. Shepperton,Surrey,UK: Ian Allan. p. 16. ISBN 0711011656.
^ Wood, Roger (1989). British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume 1989. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan. Multiple Units, p. 82. ISBN 0711018499.
^ SWAIN, A. (1990) British Rail Fleet Survey 11, Overhead Line Electric Multiple-Units. Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd.
^ Cowley 1987, p. 42
^ "Class 305s on the LM". Modern Locomotives Illustrated. No. 228. December 2017. p. 27.
^ McCrickard, John P (6 October 2016). "January 1990 to December 1990". Network South East Railway Society. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

Sources

"Vehicle Diagram Book No.210 for Electrical Multiple Units (including A.P.T.)" (PDF). BRB Residuary Ltd. April 1986. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016 – via Barrowmore MRG.
Fox, Peter (1987). Multiple Unit Pocket Book. British Railways Pocket Book No.2 (Summer/Autumn 1987 ed.). Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0906579740. OCLC 613347580.
Fox, Peter (1994). Electric Multiple Units. British Railways Pocket Book No.4 (7th ed.). Platform 5. p. 9. ISBN 9781872524603.
Longworth, Hugh (2015). British Railways Electric Multiple Units to 1975. Oxford Publishing Co. ISBN 9780860936688. OCLC 923205678.
Cowley, Ian (1987). Anglia East. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8978-5.