Apixaban, sold under the brand name Eliquis, is an anticoagulant medication used to treat and prevent blood clots and to prevent stroke in people with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation through directly inhibiting factor Xa.[6][7][8] It is used an alternative to warfarin to prevent blood clots following hip or knee replacement and in those with a history of prior clots.[6][8] and does not require monitoring by blood tests[6] or dietary restrictions.[9] It is taken by mouth.[6]
Common side effects include bleeding and nausea.[6][7] Other side effects may include bleeding around the spine and allergic reactions.[6] Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[1][7] Use appears to be relatively safe in those with mild kidney problems.[7] Compared to warfarin it has fewer interactions with other medications.[10] It is a direct factor Xa inhibitor.[6]
In 2007, Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb began development of apixaban as an anticoagulant.[11] Apixaban was approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2011, and in the United States in December 2012.[5][6][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] In 2021, it was the 33rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 17 million prescriptions.[14][15] It is available as a generic medication, although not in the United States.[8][16]
Apixaban is indicated for the following:[4]
In the EU, apixaban is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in adults who have undergone elective hip or knee replacement surgery, the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) with one or more risk factors, for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in adults, and for the prevention of recurrent DVT and PE in adults.[5]
Apixaban is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and at least one of the following risk factors: prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, age 75 years or older, diabetes, or symptomatic heart failure.[17]
Apixaban and other anticoagulants (dabigatran, edoxaban and rivaroxaban) appear equally effective as warfarin in preventing non-hemorrhagic stroke in people with atrial fibrillation and are associated with lower risk of intracranial bleeding.[18][19]
While apixaban may be used in people with severely decreased kidney function and those on hemodialysis it has not been studied in these groups.[6]
Apixaban can increase the risk of bleeding which may be serious and potentially fatal. Concurrent use with other medications that affect blood clotting can further increase this risk. This includes medications such as other anticoagulants, heparin, aspirin, antiplatelet medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).[4][20][21][22]
Andexanet alfa is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antidote for apixaban in people with uncontrolled and life-threatening bleeding events.[23][24]
Following spinal anesthesia or puncture, people who are being treated with anti-thrombotic agents are at higher risk for developing a hematoma, which causes long-term or permanent paralysis. The risk of this may be increased by using epidural or intrathecal catheters after a surgical operation or from the concurrent use of medicinal agents that affect hemostasis.[4]
Apixaban is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, and reversible direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound factor Xa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the final enzyme in the coagulation cascade that is responsible for fibrin clot formation.[25] Apixaban has no direct effect on platelet aggregation, but by inhibiting factor Xa, it indirectly decreases clot formation induced by thrombin.[4]
Apixaban was approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2011.[5]
A new drug application (NDA) for the approval of apixaban was submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) and Pfizer jointly after conclusion of the ARISTOTLE clinical trial in 2011.[26][12] Apixaban was approved for the prevention of stroke in people with atrial fibrillation on 28 December 2012.[12][27] On 13 March 2014, it was approved for the additional indication of preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in people who have recently undergone knee or hip replacement.[28][29] On 21 August 2014, the FDA approved apixaban for the additional indication of the treatment of recurring deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.[28][30] During its development the drug was known as BMS-562247-01.[31] By late 2019, sales of the product by BMS accounted for thirty percent of their quarterly revenue.[32]
In December 2019, the US FDA approved a generic version of apixaban produced jointly by Mylan and Micro Labs.[33][32][8] BMS and Pfizer worked quickly to block generics from being created, and in August 2020, they won a patent infringement lawsuit against Sigmapharm, Sunshine Lake, and Unichem, after previously settling patent cases against 25 other companies.[34][35] In September 2021, a Federal Circuit Court upheld the ruling.[36] The result is that apixaban generics will most likely not be available in the United States until at least 2026, but possibly 2031.[16]
In July 2022, the Canadian generic drug company, Apotex Inc., obtained approval for marketing of apixaban.[37][38]
Apixaban is one of ten medications covered by price negotiations in the US under the Inflation Reduction Act. The negotiations, conducted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, apply to pricing for Medicare recipients. Bristol Myers Squibb responded to initial reports of the negotiations by highlighting out-of-pocket prices for Eliquis. A senior BMS executive argued in an August 2023 interview that patients already received low out-of-pocket prices, commenting that "seniors on average pay about [US]$55 per month for Eliquis and over half of all Eliquis patients—whether they’re commercial or Medicare—pay [US]$45 or less."[39] The results of the negotiations were announced in August 2024, and Medicare's negotiated price for a 30-day supply of Eliquis is US$231, a 56% decrease from the 2023 list price of US$521. The pricing is set to take effect in 2026.[40][41]
Ship of the line of the Russian Imperial Navy Not to be confused with Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov. A painting of Dvienadsat Apostolov by Ivan Aivazovsky (1878) History Russian Empire NameDvienadsat Apostolov BuilderS. I. Chernyavskiy, Nikolaev Laid down4 October 1838 Launched15 July 1841 Completed1842 FateScuttled at the Siege of Sevastopol, 25 February 1854 General characteristics (as built) Class and type120-gun Dvienadsat Apostolov-class ship of the line Displacement4,790 long tons…
Perla negra Serie de televisiónGénero TelenovelaCreado por Enrique Óscar TorresGuion por Enrique Óscar TorresDirigido por Nicolás Del BocaProtagonistas Andrea Del Boca Gabriel Corrado María Rosa Gallo Millie StegmanTema principal El amor(interpretado por Andrea Del Boca)Ambientación 1994-1995País de origen ArgentinaIdioma(s) original(es) CastellanoN.º de temporadas 1N.º de episodios 200ProducciónProductor(es) ejecutivo(s) Ornella ZampicininiProductor(es) Raúl LecounaDuración 6…
Bachchan saat sedang menghadiri peluncuran buku Yomics World pada tahun 2011 Abhishek Bachchan adalah seorang aktor dan produser asal India yang dikenal karena karyanya di perfilman Bollywood. Ia memulai debutnya pada tahun 2000, bersama Kareena Kapoor, dalam film drama perang J. P. Dutta Refugee. Penampilannya dalam film tersebut membuatnya meraih nominasi Debut Laki-laki Terbaik di acara Penghargaan Filmfare.[1] Namun, film tersebut merupakan sebuah kegagalan box office, sama halnya se…
Phí MụcPhồn thể費穆 (phồn thể)Bính âmFèi Mù (Tiếng Phổ thông)Sinh10 tháng 10, 1906Thượng Hải, Đại ThanhMất31 tháng 1, 1951(1951-01-31) (44 tuổi) Hồng KôngNghề nghiệpĐạo diễn, biên kịch Phí Mục (tiếng Trung: 費穆, 1906 - 1951) là một nhà làm phim Trung Hoa[1]. Phí Mục sinh trưởng tại Thượng Hải vào năm 1906. Trước khi trở thành đạo diễn, ông làm việc như một phụ tá cho nhà điện …
U.S. House district for Louisiana Louisiana's 1st congressional districtInteractive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023Representative Steve ScaliseR–JeffersonDistribution86.02% urban[1]13.98% ruralPopulation (2022)775,766[2]Median householdincome$69,732[2]Ethnicity72.9% White13.3% Black8.4% Hispanic2.3% Asian1.7% Two or more races1.4% otherCook PVIR+23[3] Louisiana's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of L…
Ủy ban Khoa học Liên Hợp Quốc về Tác động Bức xạ Nguyên tửUNSCEARTên viết tắtUNSCEARThành lập1955Vùng phục vụ Toàn cầuNgôn ngữ chính Tiếng Anh, PhápChủ quảnLiên Hợp QuốcTrang webUNSCEAR Official website Ủy ban Khoa học Liên Hợp Quốc về Tác động Bức xạ Nguyên tử viết tắt theo tiếng Anh là UNSCEAR (The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) là cơ quan Liên Hợp Quốc chịu trá…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir van Assche. Amélie van AsscheFonctionPeintre de courBiographieNaissance 26 janvier 1804Ville de BruxellesDécès 11 mai 1880 (à 76 ans)Ville de BruxellesNationalité belgeActivité PeintreFratrie Isabelle Catherine van AsscheParentèle Henri Van Assche (oncle)François De Marneffe (cousin germain)Autres informationsMaîtres Félicité Lagarenne (d), Jean-François Millet, Louis-Marie Autissiermodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Amél…
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Eucarpha Classificação científica Reino: Plantae Divisão: Magnoliophyta Classe: Magnoliopsida Ordem: Proteales Família: Proteaceae Género: Eucarpha Espécies Ver texto. Outros projetos Wikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema: Imagens e media no Commons Diretório no Wikispecies Commons Wikispecies Eucarpha é um género botânico pertencente à família Proteaceae.[1] Referências ↑ «NCBI:txid524976». NCBI Taxonomy (em inglês). Consultado em 25 de julho de 2022 Este a…
Aoi sanmyakuYōko Sugi dan Setsuko HaraNama lainJepang青い山脈HepburnAoi Sanmyaku Sutradara Tadashi Imai Produser Fuji Production dan Toho Ditulis olehToshirō Ide (writer)Yōjirō Ishizaka (novel)Tanggal rilis 19 Juli 1949 (1949-07-19)[1] Durasi92 menitNegara Jepang Bahasa Jepang Aoi sanmyaku (青い山脈code: ja is deprecated ), literally: Blue Mountain Range, merupakan film Jepang hitam putih tahun 1949 yang disutradarai oleh Tadashi Imai. Lagu pada film ini dinyanyika…
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Fountain in Istanbul, TurkeyFountain of Ahmed III in ÜsküdarÜsküdar III. Ahmet ÇeşmesiFountain of Ahmed III in Üsküdar, Istanbul.Location of the fountain in Istanbul, TurkeyGeneral informationTypeFountainArchitectural styleOttoman architectureLocationÜsküdarAddressİskele MeydanıTown or cityIstanbulCountryTurkeyCoordinates41°01′36″N 29°00′55″E / 41.02667°N 29.01528°E / 41.02667; 29.01528Completed1729; 294 years ago (1729)OwnerIstan…
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Afghanistan Afghanische Botschaft in Berlinسفارت افغانستان در برلین Logo Staatliche Ebene bilateral Stellung der Behörde Botschaft Aufsichtsbehörde(n) Außenministerium der Islamischen Republik Afghanistan Bestehen seit 1922 (1954) Hauptsitz Deutschland Berlin, Taunusstraße 3 Botschafter Yama Yari Website https://www.berlin.mfa.af/en Afghanische Botschaft in der Taunusstraße 3 in Berlin-Grunewald Die afghanische Botschaft in Berlin (offiziell: Botschaft d…
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Defunct flying squadron of the Royal Air Force No. 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron RAuxAFActive1 June 1937 – 9 July 1945 10 May 1946 – 10 March 1957 1997 – presentCountry United KingdomBranch Royal Air ForceRoleRAF Medical ReservesPart ofRoyal Auxiliary Air ForceBaseRAF LeucharsNickname(s)County of AberdeenMotto(s)Latin: Vigilando Custodimus(Translation: We stand guard by vigilance)[1][2]CommandersHonorary Air CommodoreSir Ian Forbes-Leith (48–57) Finlay Crerar (57…
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