Anti-Europeanism

A vandalised EU sign in Sopot, Poland, 2003

Anti-Europeanism, Anti-European sentiment, Anti-European racism, racism against Europeans and Europhobia are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in opposition to Europe.

In the context of racial or ethno-nationalist politics, this may refer to the dislike, hatred, prejudice, mistreatment and/or discrimination against/toward the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (a British usage, standing for the European Union or European integration), it may refer to Euroscepticism, criticism of policies of European governments or the European Union.[1] In the context of United States foreign policy, it may refer to the geopolitical divide between "transatlantic", "transpacific" and "hemispheric" (Pan-American) relations.

Usage

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, an island country in Europe, "Europhobia" refers to negative attitudes towards mainland Europe, either in the context of anti-German sentiment or of anti-Catholicism,[2] or, more recently, of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom.[3]

United States

American exceptionalism in the United States[4] has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries)[5] and foreign policy (such as European countries that did not support the 2003 US invasion of Iraq).[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Europhobia definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
  2. ^ R. Miles in: Avril Horner (ed.), European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange 1760-1960 (2002), [1] Thérèse Remus, Germanophobia, Europhobia, Xenophobia – About Stereotypes in Anglo-German Relations (2012)
  3. ^ Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (June 21, 2016). "Europhobia: a very British problem". The Guardian. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  4. ^ Anti-Europeanism and Euroscepticism in the United States, Patrick Chamorel No 25, EUI-RSCAS Working Papers from European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS) 2004
  5. ^ Elsner (2005), McPherson (2003)
  6. ^ Lexington (2007), Ash (2003) Pipes (2006)

Further reading