^Jussi Pakkasvirta (January 1997). "Nationalism and Continentalism in Latin American History". University of Helsinki. Antenor Orrego, a Peruvian philosopher, went back to the indigenous past. He argued, this time against arielism, that European traditions in Latin America have been even more destructive for the well-being of the continent than US imperialism. Orrego rejected 'intellectual Eurocentrism' by emphasizing that European decadence and vices have to be replaced by 'authentic americanism', which is not only indigenismo but also a synthesis of different continental (non-European) cultural and intellectual elements.
