2010 Philippine presidential election

2010 Philippine presidential election
← 2004 May 10, 2010 2016 →
Turnout74.34% Decrease 2.0%
 
Noynoy_Aquino.jpg
JosephEstradajf1486.JPG
Candidate Benigno Aquino III Joseph Estrada
Party Liberal PMP
Running mate Mar Roxas Jejomar Binay
Popular vote 15,208,678 9,487,837
Percentage 42.08% 26.25%
 
Manny Villar T'nalak Festival 2009.jpg
Gates Teodoro Press Conference 090601 cropped3.jpg
Candidate Manny Villar Gilbert Teodoro
Party Nacionalista Lakas–Kampi
Running mate Loren Legarda Edu Manzano
Popular vote 5,573,835 4,095,839
Percentage 15.42% 11.33%
Results according to the final congressional canvass.
President before election

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Lakas–Kampi

Elected President

Benigno Aquino III
Liberal

2010 Philippine vice presidential election
← 2004 May 10, 2010 2016 →
 
Candidate Jejomar Binay Mar Roxas Loren Legarda
Party PDP–Laban Liberal NPC
Popular vote 14,645,574 13,918,490 4,294,664
Percentage 41.65% 39.58% 12.21%
Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila.
Vice President before election

Noli de Castro
Independent

Elected Vice President

Jejomar Binay
PDP–Laban

Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Related topics
flag Philippines portal

The 2010 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The incumbent President of the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, was ineligible to seek re-election as per the 1987 Constitution.

Incumbent Vice-President Noli de Castro was allowed to seek re-election, though he could have possibly sought the presidency. As he didn't offer himself in any manner of candidacy at the election, his successor was determined as the 13th Vice President of the Philippines. Although most presidential candidates have running mates, the president and vice president are elected separately, and the winning candidates may be of different political parties.

This election was also the first time that the Commission of Elections (COMELEC) implemented full automation of elections, pursuant to Republic Act 9369, "An Act Authorizing The Commission on Elections To Use An Automated Election System In The May 11, 1998 National or Local Elections and In Subsequent National And Local Electoral Exercises".[1]

The results of the congressional canvassing showed that Senator Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party won by a plurality, although he had won with the highest percentage of votes since 1986, but not enough to have the largest margin of victory, even in elections held after 1986.

Meanwhile, in the election for the vice-presidency, Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) defeated Senator Mar Roxas of the Liberal Party in the third-narrowest margin in the history of vice presidential elections. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed in a joint session of Congress on June 9, and took their oaths on June 30, 2010. Roxas filed an electoral protest to the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET; the Supreme Court) on July 10, 2010.[2]

2010 Philippine presidential election is located in Philippines
Aquino
Aquino
Teodoro
Teodoro
Villanueva
Villanueva
(2)
(2)
Roxas
Roxas
Manzano
Manzano
Yasay
Yasay
Sonza
Sonza
Chipeco
Chipeco
Metro Manila
Metro Manila
class=notpageimage|
Places where the presidential (red) and vice presidential (blue) candidates voted. For candidates that voted in Metro Manila (green), see map below.
2010 Philippine presidential election is located in Metro Manila
Estrada
Estrada
Villar
Villar
Perlas
Perlas
Madrigal
Madrigal
Binay
Binay
Legarda
Legarda
Fernando
Fernando
class=notpageimage|
Places where the presidential (red) and vice presidential (blue) candidates voted.

Electoral system

The election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. As Joseph Estrada, who was elected in 1998, was able to run in 2010, it is undetermined if the term limit is for life, or is only limited to the incumbent.

The plurality voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice presidential election is a separate election, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing on the noon of June 30, 2010, and ending on the same day six years later.

The candidates are determined via political conventions of the different political parties. As most political parties in the Philippines are loosely structured, with most politicians switching parties from time to time, a person not nominated by a party may either run as an independent, get drafted by another party, or form their own party. The candidacy process is supervised by the Commission on Elections (usually referred by its abbreviation "COMELEC") which also regulates and holds the elections. It is not uncommon for the commission to disqualify certain candidates as "nuisance candidates" or those candidates who have no capacity to mount a nationwide campaign. This usually limits the candidates to a small number. The campaign will run for three months, beginning in early February 2010 and ending on the eve of the election. The Vote Counting Machines was tested and booted up at 5 am and the shading of candidates started at 7:30 am[citation needed]

The counting of votes is initially held in the individual voting precincts, which are all then tabulated for the different municipalities and cities, then to the provinces, and finally to Congress, which is the final canvasser of the votes. Election protests are handled by the Supreme Court, when it sits as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.

Timeline

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the incumbent president, whose term expired on June 30, 2010

The COMELEC-mandated election period for this election was from January 10 to June 9

2008

2009

2010

Election period

  • January 10 - Social Weather Stations December 2009 Survey (Zamora commissioned): Villar (33%) cuts Aquino (44%) lead.[48]
  • January 14 - Perlas reinstated by COMELEC. Relatively unknown Vetellano Acosta (KBL) is also reinstated as a candidate.[49][50]
  • January 14 - GMA Network Vice-Presidential Forum.[51]
  • January 20 - Estrada is allowed to run after the COMELEC threw out all three disqualification cases against him.[52]
  • January 29 - De La Salle University and ANC 2010 Presidential Youth Forum Youth 2010: Audience members say Aquino, Gordon, Teodoro "made a favorable impression". Madrigal attends for the first time. Estrada absent.[53]
  • February 8 - The Inquirer 1st Edition Presidential Debate with all candidates attending except Acosta and Estrada, with the latter citing "bias" against him.[54]
  • February 9 - Official election campaign starts
  • February 9 - Campaign kickoff rallies occur at Antipolo (Lakas-Kampi-CMD), Calamba (NP), Imus (Bagumbayan-VNP), Olongapo (Ang Kapatiran), Quiapo (PMP), Rizal Park (Bangon Pilipinas Party), and Tarlac (Liberal Party).[55]
  • March 4 - COMELEC disqualifies Vetellano Acosta.[56] His name, however, would remain in the ballot although votes that would be cast for him will be considered invalid.[57]
  • March 21 - ABS-CBN and ANC Vice-Presidential Debate: Analysts and viewers say that Roxas is seen as "most credible candidate" (54%) with Binay, Fernando tie in second (13%) and Yasay (11%); Legarda fared poorly (4%). Absent was Chipeco and Manzano whose absence drew comments on social-networking sites.[58] Analysts point out also not "to belittle" the underdogs and praised Binay, Yasay and Sonza.[59]
  • March 28 - A number of Lakas-Kampi-CMD stalwarts leave party to support Villar. The Liberal Party says these defections are "completing the Villarroyo [Villar-Arroyo] puzzle". Malacañang downplays defections and denies alliance with Villar.[60]
  • March 30 - Teodoro resigns as Lakas-Kampi-CMD Chairman to focus on campaign. This fuels further speculation that President Arroyo is dropping her financial support for her party in exchange of new support in Villar due to "winnability".[61] Sarangani Governor and party president Miguel Dominguez and secretary-general Francis Manglapus follows in less than 24 hours. Malacañang denies speculations that the resignations have something to do with rumors that Pres. Arroyo has decided to support another presidential candidate.[62]
  • April 6 - Pulse Asia March 2010 survey: Villar (25%) falls 4 points as Aquino (37%) widens lead. According to Pulse Asia, this was mainly due to the Villarroyo issue.[63] This came at the heels of talks that Villar is the "secret candidate" of Pres. Arroyo, a charge that he denies.[64]
  • April 10 – May 10 – Overseas absentee voting continuing until May 10 (Election day). Two polling precincts encountered technical problems in Hong Kong, raising concerns on the automation system.[65]
  • April 28–30 – Local absentee voting for government officials, teachers performing election duties outside of their precincts, members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and operatives of the Philippine National Police (PNP) starts.[66]
  • April 29 – COMELEC rejects proposals of a parallel manual count aside from the official tabulation.[67]
  • First Week of May - Smartmatic-TIM recalls the Compact Flash Cards (CFC) of all Precinct Count Optical Scanner (PCOS) Machines due to the machines not counting the votes correctly due to the spacing of the ballot. These were found out after testing. By Election Day, 99% of all CF Cards were already delivered. The remaining 1% was due to some inaccessible precincts.
  • May 2 – Kingdom of Jesus Christ leader pastor Apollo Quiboloy finally endorses Gilbert Teodoro for president.[68] and Mar Roxas for vice president
  • May 3 - Manila Standard Today Presidential Survey: Aquino leads with Estrada overtaking Villar. [69]
  • May 5 - Iglesia ni Cristo endorses the tandem of Benigno Aquino III and Mar Roxas (Liberal Party). Voting as a block, the INC has an estimated command votes of 5-8 million.[70]
  • May 8 – The Supreme Court junks petitions to postpone the elections due to the technical difficulties found with the issue of the CF Cards [71]
  • May 10 — Election Day
  • May 10 – COMELEC extends the voting hours until 7 pm.[72]
  • May 11 – After initial election results, De los Reyes, Gordon, Teodoro, Villar and Villanueva conceded defeat to Aquino in the presidential race while Estrada says he won't concede and will wait for the congressional canvass. Chipeco, Legarda, Manzano and Yasay conceded defeat in the vice presidential race.[73][74][75][76]
  • May 25 – Congress approves the rules for the canvassing of the Certificates of Canvass for the presidential and vice-presidential positions.[77]
  • May 26 – The National Board of Canvassers through the Joint Canvassing Committee composed of evenly of both the Senate and the House of Representatives convene.[78]
  • May 28 – Canvassing finally starts with the first certificate of canvass (COC) from Laos to be opened.[79]
  • May 31 – June 4 - The issue of null votes i.e. overvotes, undervotes, abstentions, were raised by the Aquino-Roxas Bantay Balota (Aquino and Roxas Ballot Watch). COMELEC, however, stated that the rule on null votes is equivalent on the rule on stray votes before automation, thus the rules on stray or null votes would apply even if votes were manually counted in an electoral protest.
  • June 4 - Several municipalities which declared failure of Elections on May 10 hold rescheduled elections. These were mostly in Lanao del Sur.
  • June 8 – Canvassing ends with Aquino (15,208,678) and Binay (14,645,574) winning the presidential and vice presidential elections.[80]
  • June 9 – In a speedy deliberation in a public session, the Congress approves the report of the Joint Committee officially proclaiming Aquino and Binay the winners. Through a speech read by his son Senator Jinggoy Estrada, Estrada concedes and promises to support Aquino.[81]
  • June 9 - Congress proclaims Senator Benigno Aquino III as president-elect and Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay as vice president-elect of the Republic of the Philippines.[81]

Post-election period

  • June 30 - Aquino and Binay inaugurated as president and vice president of the Philippines.
  • July 10 – Roxas files an electoral protest against Binay at the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET). Binay's camp shrugged off the protest and says that tribunal will "uphold his victory".[2]
  • July 12 – The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) declares the electoral protest of Roxas "sufficient in form and substance". The PET issues summons to Binay to respond to the protest within ten days.[82]

Candidates

In the Philippines, the multi-party system is implemented. Sometimes a coalition of different parties are made. Notable this year is the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino–PDP–Laban and Nacionalista Party–NPC coalitions. Each party hosts candidates who go through a process to determine the presidential nominee for that party.

The Commission on Elections released its list of 16 approved candidates for president and vice-president on December 15.[83] One disqualified candidate, Perlas, was reinstated.[84]

This is arranged by the presidential candidates' surname.

Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Campaign
Image Candidate name and party Most recent political position Image Candidate name and party Most recent political position
Benigno Aquino III
Liberal 		Senator
(Incumbent since 2007) 		Mar Roxas
Liberal 		Senator
(Incumbent since 2004) 		(Campaign)
John Carlos de los Reyes
Ang Kapatiran 		Member of the Olongapo City Council
(Incumbent since 2007; 1995–1998) 		Dominador Chipeco Jr.
Ang Kapatiran 		none
Joseph Estrada
PMP 		Former President
(1998 – 2001) 		Jejomar Binay
PDP–Laban 		Mayor of Makati
(Incumbent since 2001) 		(Campaign)
Dick Gordon
Bagumbayan–VNP 		Senator
(Incumbent since 2004) 		Bayani Fernando
Bagumbayan–VNP 		Chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
(2002 – 2009)
Jamby Madrigal
Independent 		Senator
(Incumbent since 2004) 		none
Nicanor Perlas
Independent 		none
Gilberto Teodoro
Lakas–CMD 		Secretary of National Defense
(2004 – 2010) 		Edu Manzano
Lakas–CMD 		Chairman of the Optical Media Board (2004 – 2009) (Campaign)
Eddie Villanueva
Bangon Pilipinas 		none Perfecto Yasay Jr.
Bangon Pilipinas 		Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(1995 – 2000)
Manny Villar
Nacionalista 		Senate President (2006 – 2008) Loren Legarda
NPC 		Senator
(Incumbent since 2007) 		(Campaign)
none[a] Jay Sonza
KBL 		none
  1. ^ Vetellano Acosta, Jay Sonza's running mate, was disqualified.

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2010 Philippine presidential election

The Philippines has two primary opinion polling companies: Social Weather Stations (SWS) and Pulse Asia.

For president

Plotted as a 3-period moving average of the surveys.

For vice president

Plotted as a 3-period moving average of the surveys.

Exit poll

SWS conducted an exit poll. SWS's 2004 exit poll missed by a large margin the result.[85]

According to the SWS exit poll, 45% of Muslims voted for Binay, while only 17% chose Roxas and 28% for Legarda. About 75% of the members of the Iglesia ni Cristo voted for Roxas. Despite having the endorsement of several Catholic bishops, de los Reyes only got 0.2% of the Catholic vote, while Aquino, despite being branded by some Catholic organizations as not pro-life, got 44%.[86]

President

Poll source Date(s) conducted Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Aquino De los Reyes Estrada Gordon Madrigal Perlas Teodoro Villanueva Villar
SWS[87] May 10 52,573 ±1% 43.34 0.15 26.38 1.40 0.23 0.13 10.25 3.40 14.73

Vice President

Poll source Date(s) conducted Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Binay Chipeco Fernando Legarda Manzano Roxas Sonza Yasay
SWS[87] May 10 52,573 ±1% 42.52 0.43 2.92 11.51 1.81 39.17 0.20 1.43

Results

The candidate in each position with the highest number of votes is declared the winner; there is no runoff. Congress shall canvass the votes in joint public session.

When there are two or more candidates who have the highest and an equal number of votes, Congress, voting separately via majority vote will choose from these candidates, who have the highest and equal number of votes, who is to be the president.

The Supreme Court shall "be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice President".

There are several parallel tallies, with the congressional canvass the official tally. The COMELEC used the election returns from the polling precincts; the Congress as the national board of canvassers will base their official tally from the certificates of canvass from the provinces and cities, which were derived from the election returns. The accredited citizen's arm, the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) also used the election returns from the polling precincts. In theory, all tallies must be identical.

For president

Main article: Congressional canvass for the 2010 Philippine presidential election
Presidential election results per province and city.

Congress in joint session as the National Board of Canvassers convened in the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City, the home of the House of Representatives. Only a committee canvassed the votes, with the same number of members from both the Senate and the House of Representatives.

On June 8, Congress finished canvassing all of the votes, with the final canvass showing that Aquino and Binay had won. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed as president-elect and vice president-elect in a joint session on June 9. The president-elect and vice president-elect were inaugurated on June 30, 2010.[88] Aquino, son of the 11th president Corazon Aquino, became the second child of a former president to become president themselves after his immediate predecessor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, whose father was the 9th president Diosdado Macapagal.

In case a president has not been determined by June 30, the vice president-elect shall act as president until a president has been determined. If both positions have not yet been determined, the President of the Senate, or the Speaker of the House of Representatives if the former is unable to do so, shall act as president. Congress shall enact a law on who acts as president if neither of the officials already stated are unable to do so.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Benigno Aquino IIILiberal Party15,208,67842.08
Joseph EstradaPwersa ng Masang Pilipino9,487,83726.25
Manny VillarNacionalista Party5,573,83515.42
Gilbert TeodoroLakas Kampi CMD4,095,83911.33
Eddie VillanuevaBangon Pilipinas1,125,8783.12
Dick GordonBagumbayan–VNP501,7271.39
Nicanor PerlasIndependent54,5750.15
Jamby MadrigalIndependent46,4890.13
John Carlos de los ReyesAng Kapatiran44,2440.12
Total36,139,102100.00
Valid votes36,139,10294.73
Invalid/blank votes[a]2,010,2695.27
Total votes38,149,371100.00
Registered voters/turnout51,317,07374.34
Source: COMELEC
  1. ^ Includes 181,985 votes for Vetellano Acosta (Kilusang Bagong Lipunan) who was disqualified after the ballots were printed.
Popular vote
Aquino
 
 42.08%
Estrada
 
 26.25%
Villar
 
 15.42%
Teodoro
 
 11.33%
Others
 
 4.91%

By region

For vice president

Vice presidential election results per province and city. Loren Legarda and Bayani Fernando, despite having more votes than Edu Manzano, failed to win in any province or city where COCs had been canvassed by Congress.

The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the vice presidency. In case when two or more candidates have the highest number of votes, one of them shall be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Jejomar Binay[a]PDP–Laban14,645,57441.65
Mar RoxasLiberal Party13,918,49039.58
Loren Legarda[b]Nationalist People's Coalition4,294,66412.21
Bayani FernandoBagumbayan–VNP1,017,6312.89
Edu ManzanoLakas Kampi CMD807,7282.30
Perfecto Yasay Jr.Bangon Pilipinas364,6521.04
Jay Sonza[c]Kilusang Bagong Lipunan64,2300.18
Dominador Chipeco Jr.Ang Kapatiran52,5620.15
Total35,165,531100.00
Valid votes35,165,53192.18
Invalid/blank votes2,983,8407.82
Total votes38,149,371–
Registered voters/turnout51,317,07374.34
Source: COMELEC
  1. ^ Running mate of Joseph Estrada (Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino)
  2. ^ Running mate of Manny Villar (Nacionalista Party)
  3. ^ Running mate of Vetellano Acosta (Kilusang Bagong Lipunan) who was disqualified
Popular vote
Binay
 
 41.65%
Roxas
 
 39.58%
Legarda
 
 12.21%
Others
 
 6.56%

By region

Close provinces/cities

Results of provincial canvasses for the presidential election

Aquino
Estrada

Villar
Teodoro
Results of provincial canvasses for the vice presidential election

Binay
Roxas

Legarda
Swing as compared from the 2004 election: In 2004 the Liberals didn't field a candidate and instead supported Lakas-CMD's candidate Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as part of the K-4 coalition. 76% of the provinces and cities that Arroyo won went for Aquino. PMP's nominee in 2004, Poe, was the nominee of the KNP and retained 20 provinces and cities, and picked up six more provinces and cities, all but one in Mindanao.

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the presidential election:

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the vice presidential election:

Unofficial tallies

Winning presidential and vice presidential candidates per province/city in the elections. Note that the two positions are voted separately and voters can split their votes.

COMELEC

The COMELEC originally released results for president and vice president based from election returns but stopped in order not to preempt Congress. The COMELEC held their tally at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay.

2010 Philippine presidential election, COMELEC tally
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Benigno Aquino III Liberal 12,233,002 42.16%
Joseph Estrada PMP 7,749,597 26.71%
Manuel Villar Nacionalista 4,329,215 14.92%
Gilbert Teodoro Lakas Kampi CMD 3,243,688 11.18%
Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 916,543 3.16%
Richard J. Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP 431,954 1.49%
Nicanor Perlas Independent 42,205 0.15%
Jamby Madrigal Independent 37,119 0.13%
John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 34,833 0.12%
Total valid votes cast 29,018,156 56.57%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 59,965 78.41%
2010 Philippine vice presidential election, COMELEC tally
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban 12,025,429 42.45%
Mar Roxas Liberal 11,213,563 39.59%
Loren Legarda NPC 3,808,944 11.51%
Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 847,100 2.99%
Edu Manzano Lakas Kampi CMD 593,653 2.10%
Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 295,558 1.04%
Jay Sonza KBL 50,722 0.18%
Dominador Chipeco Jr. Ang Kapatiran 40,335 0.14%
Total valid votes cast 28,326,323 55.23%
Registered voters 51,292,465 55.84%
Clustered precincts reporting 59,965 78.41%

PPCRV

The PPCRV held their tally at the Pope Pius Center in Manila.

2010 Philippine presidential election, PPCRV-KBP count
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Noynoy Aquino Liberal 14,012,761 42.10%
Joseph Estrada PMP 8,860,076 26.62%
Manuel Villar Nacionalista 5,073,824 15.24%
Gilbert Teodoro Lakas Kampi CMD 3,709,681 11.14%
Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 1,029,406 3.09%
Richard J. Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP 470,131 1.41%
Nicanor Perlas Independent 49,362 0.15%
Jamby Madrigal Independent 42,657 0.13%
John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 40,430 0.12%
Total valid votes cast 33,288,328 64.90%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 69,001 90.23%
2010 Philippine vice presidential election, PPCRV-KBP count
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban 13,653,873 42.11%
Mar Roxas Liberal 12,823,404 39.55%
Loren Legarda NPC 3,856,989 11.89%
Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 944,584 2.91%
Edu Manzano Lakas Kampi CMD 712,996 2.20%
Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 327,501 1.01%
Jay Sonza KBL 58,202 0.18%
Dominador Chipeco Jr. Ang Kapatiran 47,799 0.15%
Total valid votes cast 32,455,348 63.28%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
Clustered precincts reporting 69,001 90.23%

Voter demographics

President

2010 presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Aquino Estrada Villar Other % of
total vote
Total vote 41 29 16 14 100
Location
NCR 43 31 10 16 10
Balance Luzon 43 31 16 10 44
Visayas 53 10 19 18 20
Mindanao 33 40 16 11 27
Community
Urban 44 28 13 15 44
Rural 39 30 18 13 56
Socio-economic class
ABC 52 17 13 18 8
D 43 27 15 15 60
E 35 35 18 12 32
Gender
Male 39 32 15 14 46
Female 43 27 17 13 54
Age
18-24 37 30 18 15 12
25-34 40 30 17 13 24
35-44 41 30 16 13 23
45-54 42 29 15 14 20
55-64 45 26 16 13 12
65 & up 43 28 14 16 9
Education
Some elementary/elementary graduate 38 32 18 12 30
Some high school 35 36 18 11 14
High school graduate 41 31 16 12 25
Vocational 45 29 13 13 6
Some college 45 24 14 17 12
College graduate/post-college graduate 50 15 13 22 12
Working status
Employed 41 29 15 15 56
Unemployed 41 29 17 13 44
Religion
Roman Catholic 41 31 16 12 80
Islam 48 12 30 10 5
Iglesia ni Cristo 85 10 1 4 4
Aglipayan 38 27 22 13 1
Others 24 34 16 26 10
Ethnic groups
Tagalog 43 34 11 12 35
Cebuano 39 31 14 16 26
Ilocano 28 33 26 13 8
Ilonggo 48 20 17 15 8

Source: Exit polls conducted by Pulse Asia[89]

Vice President

2010 vice presidential vote by demographic subgroup
Demographic subgroup Binay Roxas Legarda Other % of
total vote
Total vote 43 37 14 6 100
Location
NCR 54 33 5 8 10
Balance Luzon 46 34 15 5 44
Visayas 25 55 13 7 20
Mindanao 47 31 15 7 27
Community
Urban 48 38 9 5 47
Rural 39 37 17 7 56
Socio-economic class
ABC 41 45 7 7 8
D 43 39 12 6 60
E 42 33 18 7 32
Gender
Male 45 36 13 6 46
Female 41 39 14 6 54
Age
18-24 46 33 15 6 12
25-34 45 34 16 6 24
35-44 44 37 14 6 23
45-54 44 40 11 5 20
55-64 38 43 12 7 12
65 & up 33 45 14 8 9
Education
Some elementary/elementary graduate 38 35 19 8 30
Some high school 43 35 16 6 14
High school graduate 45 38 12 5 25
Vocational 50 40 7 3 6
Some college 46 39 11 4 12
College graduate/post-college graduate 42 43 7 8 12
Working status
Employed 43 37 14 6 56
Unemployed 42 38 14 6 44
Religion
Roman Catholic 45 37 13 5 80
Islam 40 19 36 5 5
Iglesia ni Cristo 9 86 3 2 4
Aglipayan 29 44 19 8 1
Others 44 30 15 11 10
Ethnic groups
Tagalog 52 34 9 5 35
Cebuano 41 41 11 7 26
Ilocano 41 30 24 5 8
Ilonggo 29 56 9 6 8

Source: Exit polls conducted by Pulse Asia[89]

Campaign expenses

According to the Fair Elections Act, the COMELEC's cap on spending is 10 pesos per voter for each candidate and another 5 pesos per voter for one's political party; since there are about 50 million voters, a candidate can spend up to 500 million pesos and a party can spend an additional 250 million pesos.

The following is a list of published campaign expenses; the COMELEC has no ability to confirm if these were true.[90][91][92][93]

Candidate (Party) Amount raised (PHP) Amount spent (PHP) Votes Spent per vote (PHP) Spent per voter (PHP)
Benigno Aquino III (LP) 440,050,000 (approx.) 403,119,981.81 15,208,678 26.51 7.86
Joseph Estrada (PMP) 8,000,000 (approx.) 227,500,000 9,487,837 23.98 4.44
Manny Villar (NP) 431,557,816 431,557,816 5,573,835 77.43 8.41
Gilbert Teodoro (Lakas-Kampi) 64,688.88 3,463,307.21 4,095,839 0.85 0.07
Jamby Madrigal (I) 55,182,264 55,182,264 46,489 1,187.00 1.08
Jejomar Binay (PDP-Laban) 231,480,000 (approx.) 217,938,289 14,645,574 14.88 4.25
Mar Roxas (LP) 246,000,000 (approx.) 279,351,224 13,918,490 20.07 5.45
Loren Legarda (NPC) N/A 210,280,000 4,294,664 48.96 4.10
Bayani Fernando (B-VNP) 61,000,000 (approx.) 80,081,865.61 1,017,631 78.69 1.56

See also

Literature

  • Reyes, Vicente (2013), "The impact of automation on elections: Case study of the May 2010 Philippine presidential contests", Journal of Developing Societies, 29 (3): 259–285, doi:10.1177/0169796X13494276

References

  1. ^ Sarmiento, Rene (August 10, 2009). "A moment in history: Understanding poll automation for the 2010 national and local elections". Business Mirror. Archived from the original on October 23, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
  2. ^ a b Bordadora, Norman (July 10, 2010). "'Automated mystery' case: Roxas files protest". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 11, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
  3. ^ "MMDA chief will run in 2010 to be next 'no-nonsense president'". GMA News and Public Affairs. August 26, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
  4. ^ "Philippine Senate head confirms joining 2010 presidential election". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008.
  5. ^ Fabella, Ferdinand (November 12, 2008). "Binay likens self to Obama, seeks presidency". Manila Standard Today. Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  6. ^ "Roxas is new LP President". Manila Bulletin. November 27, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  7. ^ Pilapil, Jaime (March 12, 2009). "Defense chief joining 2010 race". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  8. ^ Salaverria, Leila (April 25, 2009). "Party formed to push for Gordon candidacy". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 28, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
  9. ^ Lim Ubac, Michael (May 13, 2009). "Lacson declares bid for presidency in 2010". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  10. ^ "Lacson quits 2010 race". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 6, 2009. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  11. ^ "Official Website | Philippines | Formal Announcement | 2010". Nicanor Perlas. June 15, 2009. Archived from the original on June 9, 2010. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  12. ^ Avendaño, Christine (July 14, 2009). "Legarda says she's ready to run for president". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  13. ^ "Jamby running for president in 2010". ABS-CBN News.com.
  14. ^ Maragay, Dino (August 21, 2009). "Villanueva to join 2010 presidential derby". Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  15. ^ "Ang Kapatiran Party names youngest ever presidential candidate for 2010". Political Arena. June 26, 2009. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  16. ^ "Mar Roxas withdraws from 2010 race". ABS-CBN News. September 1, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  17. ^ Clapano, Jose Rodel (September 2, 2009). "Binay drops out of 2010 race, wants to be Erap's vice president". Philippine Star. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved September 7, 2009.
  18. ^ "Panlilio, Padaca offer full support for Noynoy in 2010". GMA News. September 4, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
  19. ^ Legaspi, Amita (September 9, 2009). "Noynoy Aquino announces bid for presidency". GMA News. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  20. ^ "Mar to fight with Noynoy for decency in gov't, real change". Liberal Party. September 21, 2009.
  21. ^ "Erap gives up on opposition unity, decides to run himself". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 26, 2009. Archived from the original on September 28, 2009. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  22. ^ "(UPDATE 3) Puno withdraws VP bid". ABS-CBN. October 23, 2009.
  23. ^ Legaspi, Amita (October 23, 2009). "Legarda says she will run as veep under NPC in 2010". GMA News. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  24. ^ "(UPDATE 2) Escudero leaves NPC". October 28, 2009.
  25. ^ "Lakas forges Gibo-Edu tandem". The Philippine Star. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012.
  26. ^ Romero, Purple (November 16, 2009). "Villar to announce tandem with Loren". ABS-CBN News.com.
  27. ^ "Lakas-Kampi proclaims Gibo, Edu". ABS-CBN News.com. November 19, 2009.
  28. ^ "'JC,' Ang Kapatiran bets file COCs". ABS-CBN News.com.
  29. ^ Maila Ager (November 24, 2009). "Escudero no longer running for president". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 27, 2009. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
  30. ^ "Supreme Court extends early campaigning". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on November 29, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
  31. ^ "Noy-Mar ticket files COCs". ABS-CBN News.com.
  32. ^ "Perlas, 'authentic choice for 2010,' files COC". ABS-CBN News.com.
  33. ^ "Proud of diverse slate, Villar, NP file COCs". ABS-CBN News.com.
  34. ^ "Estrada files 2nd presidential bid". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2009.
  35. ^ "Magnificent 7". ABS-CBN News.com.
  36. ^ "Ebdane withdraws from presidential race". Manila Times. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  37. ^ "(UPDATE) Gibo, Edu file COCs at Comelec". ABS-CBN News.com.
  38. ^ "(UPDATE) Jamby files COC for president, plans solo campaign". GMA News.tv.
  39. ^ "(UPDATE 2) Gordon, BF team up for 2010 polls". ABS-CBN News.com.
  40. ^ "Sonza, Papin file for VP and senatorial positions". Inquirer Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
  41. ^ "4 bets shine in ANC's Harapan: analysts". abs-cbnNEWS.com/Newsbreak.
  42. ^ "Noli picks Mar Roxas over Edu". ABS-CBN News. December 11, 2009.
  43. ^ "Comelec approves 16 presidential, VP bets". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  44. ^ "Salamat mga KaPERLAS! Ibalik si Nick!". Kaperlas.com. December 22, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  45. ^ "The News Around Us: Nicanor Perlas Disqualification Hearing at COMELEC; Melo, No Show". Newzaroundus.com. December 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  46. ^ a b "Pulse Asia's December 2009 Pre-election Survey". Archived from the original on June 16, 2010.
  47. ^ "BusinessWorld-SWS December 5–10, 2009 Pre-Election Survey". Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
  48. ^ "Villar cuts Noynoy's lead to 11%". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  49. ^ "Comelec reinstates Perlas, Lim as 2010 candidates". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  50. ^ "Perlas back in Palace race; Danny Lim also reinstated". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  51. ^ "Isang Tanong VP forum simulcast on DZBB Sunday night RP time". GMA News.
  52. ^ "Comelec allows Erap to run". Manila Bulletin.
  53. ^ "8 presidential bets engage youth in ANC forum". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  54. ^ "8 presidential bets show up for Inquirer debate". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  55. ^ "Comelec sets rules as campaign period starts". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  56. ^ "Comelec disqualifies KBL presidential bet". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  57. ^ "Acosta out but name stays on ballot but votes will be stray votes". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 7, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  58. ^ "VP bets renew rivalries in TV debate". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  59. ^ "Analysts on VP debate: Don't belittle survey underdogs". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  60. ^ "Villar-Arroyo alliance seen in Chavit's defection from Lakas". GMANews.TV.
  61. ^ "Gibo quits as Lakas-Kampi chair to focus on campaign". GMANews.TV.
  62. ^ "Lakas-Kampi-CMD in limbo as party president quits post". GMANews.TV.
  63. ^ "Pulse Asia's Ulat ng Bayan March 2010 Survey for National Elective Positions". Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
  64. ^ "Stop 'Villarroyo' talk, Arroyo orders party". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on April 8, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
  65. ^ "Glitch mars absentee vote in 2 HK precincts". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  66. ^ "Local absentee voting starts today". Sun Star.[permanent dead link‍]
  67. ^ "Local absentee voting starts today". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  68. ^ "Quiboloy endorses Gibo, says admin bet chosen by 'Father'". GMA News.
  69. ^ "Estrada overtakes Villar; negative attacks take toll". Manila Standard Today.
  70. ^ "Iglesia Ni Cristo endorses Noynoy Aquino, Mar Roxas". GMA News.
  71. ^ Pazzibugan, Dona (May 8, 2010). "SC: It's all systems go; Court junks petitions to postpone polls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
  72. ^ "Comelec extends voting hours until 7 p.m." GMA News.
  73. ^ Fernandez, Lira D. (May 11, 2010). "4 presidential bets concede defeat". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  74. ^ "Bro. Eddie, Edu Manzano concede defeat". ABS-CBN. May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  75. ^ "Erap won't concede, waits for official canvass". ABS-CBN. May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  76. ^ "Ang Kapatiran's Chipeco concedes to Binay". GMA News. May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  77. ^ Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira (May 25, 2010). "Congress okays canvassing rules". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  78. ^ Ager, Maila; Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira (May 26, 2010). "Computer error, '2 sets' of CoCs bared". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  79. ^ Lopez, JP. "Canvass finally gets going". Malaya-Business Insight. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  80. ^ Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira. "Now it's final: Aquino, Binay win in May 10 polls". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  81. ^ a b Sisante, Jam. "Congress proclaims Aquino as president, Binay as VP". GMAnews.tv. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  82. ^ Bordadora, Norman (July 12, 2010). "Roxas poll protest sufficient in form and substance". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  83. ^ "Comelec approves 16 presidential, VP bets". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  84. ^ "Comelec reinstates Perlas, Lim as 2010 candidates". abs-cbnNEWS.com.
  85. ^ Capino, Alvin (April 30, 2010). "The time SWS missed by a mile". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  86. ^ "Binay, Roxas dead heat in SWS exit poll". ABS-CBNNews.com. May 11, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  87. ^ a b "Only 0.4% separates the TV5-SWS Exit Poll from the final official tally". Archived from the original on July 7, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  88. ^ Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira. "Now it's final: Aquino, Binay win in May 10 polls". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  89. ^ a b "ABS-CBN Pulse Asia May 2010 Exit Polls" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
  90. ^ Tan, Kimberly Jane (June 9, 2010). "Noynoy spent P403M during campaign — Comelec data". GMANews.TV. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  91. ^ Chua, Ryan (June 24, 2010). "MVP, Razon donated P15M each to Erap campaign". GMANews.TV. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  92. ^ Alave, Kristine (June 23, 2010). "Businessmen, Arroyo allies bankrolled Estrada presidential bid". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  93. ^ Tan, Kimberly Jane (June 10, 2010). "Roxas spent P279M for campaign — Comelec data". GMANews.TV. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
Official Congressional Results
Partial and Unofficial Results
NGOs
Media websites

Read other articles:

Lexus SC

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Lexus SC – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Lexus SC20XX Lexus SC430InformasiProdusenToyota Motor CorporationMasa produksi1991-2000 (SC300, SC400)2001-sekarang (SC430)PerakitanShizuoka, ...

 

 

Kodeks Kingsborough

Kodeks KingsboroughBahan bakuMakalahUkuran29.5 cm x 21.5 cmDibuats. 1550anTempat ditemukanTepetlaoztoc, MeksikoLokasi sekarangBritish Museum, LondonIdentifikasiAm2006,Drg.13964RegistrasiAm2006 Kodeks Kingsborough, juga dikenal sebagai Kodeks Tepetlaoztoc, adalah sebuah manuskrip bergambar Mesoamerika abad ke-16 yang menjelaskan riwayat Tepetlaoztoc dan perlakuan tak menyenangkan dari encomenderos yang mengambil alih kekuasaan setelah penaklukan Meksiko oleh Spanyol. Kodeks tersebut sekarang m...

 

 

Dolf Sternberger

German philosopher and political scientist You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (February 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting mac...

Bäcklund transform

In mathematics, Bäcklund transforms or Bäcklund transformations (named after the Swedish mathematician Albert Victor Bäcklund) relate partial differential equations and their solutions. They are an important tool in soliton theory and integrable systems. A Bäcklund transform is typically a system of first order partial differential equations relating two functions, and often depending on an additional parameter. It implies that the two functions separately satisfy partial differential equ...

 

 

Keuskupan Latacunga

Keuskupan LatacungaDioecesis LatacungensisKatolik Catedral de LatacungaLokasiNegara EkuadorProvinsi gerejawiQuitoKoordinat0°56′S 78°37′W / 0.933°S 78.617°W / -0.933; -78.617Koordinat: 0°56′S 78°37′W / 0.933°S 78.617°W / -0.933; -78.617StatistikLuas5.093 km2 (1.966 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2004)351.000300,000 (85.5%)Paroki40InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaRitusRitus LatinPendirian5 ...

 

 

Taksonomi (biologi)

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang cabang biologi. Untuk praktik pengawetan jasad hewan dengan penjejalan dan penopangan, lihat Taksidermi. Dengan munculnya bidang studi seperti filogenetik, kladistik, dan sistematika, sistem taksonomi Carolus Linnaeus telah berkembang menjadi sistem klasifikasi biologis modern berdasarkan hubungan evolusi antar organisme, baik organisme hidup maupun yang sudah punah.[1] Definisi Definisi taksonomi yang tepat bervariasi dari satu sumber dengan sumber ...

Syair Dunia Maya

Syair Dunia MayaAlbum studio karya Sujiwo TejoDirilisJuni 2005Direkam?Durasi?Produser?Kronologi Sujiwo Tejo Pada Sebuah Ranjang(2001)Pada Sebuah Ranjang2001 Syair Dunia Maya (2005) Yaiyo(2007)Yaiyo2007 Syair Dunia Maya ialah album musik karya Sujiwo Tejo. Album ini dirilis pada tahun 2005 yang merupakan album ketiga. Daftar lagu Hujan Deras Melati Syair Dunia Maya Blakothang Panakawan dan Saya Dewi Ruci Ma Tingkah-Tingkah Cinta Tanpa Tanda Zen Die Aku Lala Padamu Pranala luar Album Sujiwo...

 

 

Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre

Medical campus in Perth, Western Australia This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017) The Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEIIMC), commonly known as just QEII, is a medical campus in Perth, Western A...

 

 

Memphis Belle (film)

1990 film by Michael Caton-Jones This article is about the 1990 film. For the 1944 documentary, see Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress. For the aircraft itself, see Memphis Belle (aircraft). Memphis BelleTheatrical release posterDirected byMichael Caton-JonesWritten byMonte MerrickProduced by David Puttnam Catherine Wyler Starring Matthew Modine Eric Stoltz Sean Astin Harry Connick Jr. Reed Diamond Tate Donovan John Lithgow D. B. Sweeney Billy Zane Courtney Gains Neil Giuntoli Cinema...

James Auld (politician)

Canadian politician James AuldOntario MPPIn office1954–1981Preceded byCharles MacOdrumSucceeded byBob RuncimanConstituencyLeeds Personal detailsBorn(1921-07-22)July 22, 1921Toronto, OntarioDiedJune 30, 1982(1982-06-30) (aged 60)Brockville, OntarioPolitical partyProgressive ConservativeSpouseNancy Eleanor GilmourOccupationWholesalerMilitary serviceBranch/serviceCanadian ArmyRankCaptainUnitQueen's Own RiflesBattles/warsD-Day landings James Alexander Charles Auld (July 22, 1921 – June 3...

 

 

German Film Award

German national film award German Film AwardAwarded forBest in cinemaCountryGermanyPresented byDeutsche FilmakademieFirst awarded1951Websitedeutscher-filmpreis.de The German Film Award (German: Deutscher Filmpreis), also known as Lola after its prize statuette, is the national film award of Germany. It is presented at an annual ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in the German film industry. Besides being the most important film award in Germany, it is also the most highly endowed Germ...

 

 

Северный морской котик

Северный морской котик Самец Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапси...

Mari Kodama

Japanese musician Mari KodamaMari Kodama in L'Assomption, Québec, Canada at the Hector-Charland TheatreBackground informationBornOsaka, JapanGenresClassicalOccupation(s)PianistInstrument(s)PianoYears active1987–presentWebsitemarikodama.comMusical artist Mari Kodama (児玉 麻里, Kodama Mari) (born 1967) is a classical pianist who has performed in Europe, North America and Japan. Background Kodama was born in Osaka, Japan in 1967 and raised in Germany and Paris, France[1] due to h...

 

 

Ester 6

Ester 6Lima Gulungan (Megilloth) lengkap pada Kodeks Leningrad (1008 Masehi), dengan urutan: Rut, Kidung Agung, Pengkhotbah, Ratapan dan Ester.KitabKitab EsterKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen17← pasal 5 pasal 7 → Ester 6 (disingkat Est 6) adalah pasal keenam Kitab Ester dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Berisi riwayat Ahasyweros, raja Kekaisaran Persia, Mordekhai, Ester, dan Haman.[3&...

 

 

دوري أبطال أوروبا 1993–94

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2016) دوري أبطال أوروبا 1993-94تفاصيل المسابقةالتواريخ18 أغسطس – 1 سبتمبر 1993 (الدور التأهيلي)15 سبتمبر 1993 – 18 مايو 1994 (...

George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

British diplomat and statesman (1800–1870) The Right HonourableThe Earl of ClarendonKG KP GCB PCThe 4th Earl of Clarendon, c. 1860sSecretary of State for Foreign AffairsIn office21 February 1853 – 26 February 1858MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterThe Earl of Aberdeen The Viscount PalmerstonPreceded byLord John RussellSucceeded byThe Earl of MalmesburyIn office3 November 1865 – 6 July 1866MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterThe Earl RussellPreceded byThe Earl Russ...

 

 

Ivar Giaever

Norwegian physicist Ivar GiæverGiaever in 2010Born (1929-04-05) April 5, 1929 (age 95)Bergen, NorwayNationalityNorwayUnited StatesAlma mater Norwegian University of Science and Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Known forTunneling phenomena in superconductorsAwards Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (1965) Nobel Prize in Physics (1973) Scientific careerFields Solid-state physics Biophysics Ivar Giaever (Norwegian: Giæver, IPA: [ˈìːvɑr ˈjèːvər]; ...

 

 

Shawnee Tribe

Native American tribe in Oklahoma, United States Ethnic group Shawnee TribeShawnee Tribal flagTotal population2,226[1]Regions with significant populations United States ( Oklahoma)LanguagesShawnee, EnglishReligionChristianity, Native American Church, traditional tribal religionRelated ethnic groupsother Shawnee tribes and Sac and Fox The Shawnee Tribe is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma. Formerly known as the Loyal Shawnee, they are one of three feder...

William Alden Smith

American politician For the American football player born in 1989, see Aldon Smith. William Alden SmithUnited States Senatorfrom MichiganIn officeFebruary 9, 1907 – March 3, 1919Preceded byRussell A. AlgerSucceeded byTruman H. NewberryMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Michigan's 5th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1895 – February 9, 1907Preceded byGeorge F. RichardsonSucceeded byGerrit J. Diekema Personal detailsBorn(1859-05-12)May 12, 1859Dowagiac, M...

 

 

Silao

For other uses, see Silao (disambiguation). City in Guanajuato, MexicoSilao de la VictoriaCity Coat of armsNickname: SilaoSilaoLocation within GuanajuatoShow map of GuanajuatoSilaoLocation within MexicoShow map of MexicoCoordinates: 20°56′52″N 101°25′41″W / 20.94778°N 101.42806°W / 20.94778; -101.42806Country MexicoStateGuanajuatoFoundedFebruary 3, 1833Government • MayorCarlos García VillaseñorArea • City12.1 km2 (4....