Polaris

Polaris
Hierdie kunstenaarsvoorstelling wys twee klas F-sterre: die superreus Polaris A en sy metgesel Polaris B.[1]
Hierdie kunstenaarsvoorstelling wys twee klas F-sterre: die superreus Polaris A en sy metgesel Polaris B.[1]
Sterrebeeld Klein Beer
Bayer-naam α Ursae Minoris
Spektraaltipe F7 Ib-II[2] / F0V[2] / F3V
Soort Veelvoudige ster
Waarnemingsdata (Epog J2000)
Regte klimming 02h 31m 49,09s
Deklinasie +89º 15' 50,8"
Skynmagnitude (m) 1,985 / 8,5 / 8,21
Besonderhede
Massa (M) 6
Temperatuur (K) 7 200
Afstand (ligjaar) 434
Eienskappe
Veelvoudigheid Veelvoudige Cepheïed-ster
Ander name
Noordster, Loodsster, HR 424, BD+88°8, HD 8890, SAO 308, FK5 907, GC 2243, ADS 1477, CCDM 02319+8915, HIP 11767, Cynosura, Alruccabah, Phoenice, Navigatoria, Ster van Arkadië, Yilduz, Mismar
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Sterrekunde

Polaris (ook onder meer Alpha Ursae Minoris of Poolster) is die helderste ster in die sterrebeeld Klein Beer (Ursa Minor). Dit is baie na aan die noordelike hemelpool en is dus die huidige noordpoolster.

Gebaseer op die meting van die Hipparcos-astrometrie-satelliet[3][4] is Polaris na raming sowat 434 ligjare van die Aarde af.[5] Dit is ’n veelvoudige ster en bestaan uit die hoofster, α UMi A, twee kleiner metgeselle, α UMi B en α UMi Ab, en twee verafgeleë metgeselle, α UMi C en α UMi D.

Stelsel

Die beweging van die sterre aan die noordelike hemelruim met Polaris in die middel.

Die ster α UMi A is ’n F8-superreus (Ib) of helder reus (II) met ’n massa van 6 sonmassas.[2] Die twee kleiner metgeselle is: α UMi B, ’n F3-hoofreeksster van 1,39 sonmassas [6] wat op ’n afstand van 2 400 AE om hom wentel, en α UMi Ab (of P), ’n baie nabygeleë dwergster met ’n wentelbaanradius van 18,8 AE[7] en ’n massa van rofweg 1,5 sonmassas.[2]

Daar is ook twee verafgeleë metgeselle, α UMi C en α UMi D.[2]

Polaris B kan met ’n gemiddelde teleskoop gesien word. Dit is in 1780 deur William Herschel ontdek met een van die kragtigste teleskope van dié tyd. In 1929 is die spektrum van Polaris A bestudeer en ontdek dat dit nog ’n baie nabygeleë dwergmetgesel het wat voorheen net in die teorie bestaan het. In Januarie 2006 het Nasa foto's van die Hubble-ruimteteleskoop uitgereik wat al drie komponente van die Polaris-driesterstelsel wys.

Polaris is ’n klassieke populasie I-Cepheïed. Aangesien Cepheïede standaard-meetinstrumente is vir afstande in die ruimte, word Polaris (as die naaste ster van dié soort) baie deeglik bestudeer.

Rol as ’n poolster

Omdat α UMi byna in ’n direkte lyn lê met die verlengde as van die Aarde bo die Noordpool – die noordelike hemelpool – staan Polaris feitlik onbeweeglik in die lug en lyk dit of al die sterre in die noordelike lugruim om hom draai. Dit is dus ’n uitstekende vaste punt om te gebruik in navigasie en astrometrie. Die beweging van Polaris na, en in die toekoms van, die hemelpool is vanweë die presessie van die Aarde.[8] Ná die 21ste eeu sal die hemelpool wegbeweeg van α UMi en teen omstreeks die 41ste eeu sal dit naby Gamma Cephei verbybeweeg.

Polaris is op die oomblik 0,7° van die hemelpool af en beweeg dus in ’n klein sirkel van 1½° in deursnee om die pool.

Name

Die ster se Bayer-naam is "Alpha Ursae Minoris". Die naam "Polaris"[9] is ’n verkorte vorm van die Latynse stella polaris, "poolster", wat in die Renaissance begin gebruik is toe die ster binne ’n paar grade van die Noordpool gekom het. In 2016 het die Internasionale Astronomiese Unie se sternaamwerkgroep (WGSN)[10] die naam "Polaris" vir die ster goedgekeur.[11]

Sy Arabiese naam was الجدي Al-Judeyy.[12][13] In dié tyd was dit nie so naby aan die Noordpool nie en het dit om die pool roteer.

Verwysings

  1. "SIMBAD Object query : CCDM J02319+8915". Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Besoek op 10 Junie 2010.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Wielen, R. (2000). "Polaris: astrometric orbit, position, and proper motion". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 360: 399–410. arXiv:astro-ph/0002406. Bibcode:2000A&A...360..399W. {{cite journal}}: Onbekende parameter |coauthors= geïgnoreer (hulp)
  3. Perryman, M.A.C.; Lindegren, L.; Kovalevsky, J.; et al. (Julie 1997), "The Hipparcos Catalogue", Astronomy and Astrophysics 323: L49–L52, Bibcode1997A&A...323L..49P 
  4. Perryman, Michael (2010), The Making of History's Greatest Star Map, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5 
  5. van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "HIP 11767". Hipparcos, the New Reduction. Besoek op 1 Maart 2011.
  6. "Polaris B, an optical companion of the Polaris (α UMi) system: atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, distance and mass". Royal Astronomical Society. 29 April 2008. Besoek op 15 Augustus 2012.
  7. "There's More to the North Star Than Meets the Eye" (in Engels). Hubblesite.org. 9 Januarie 2006. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 September 2016. Besoek op 14 April 2012.
  8. Norton, Arthur P. (1973). Norton's Star Atlas. Edinburgh: Sky Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 0-85248-900-5.
  9. IAU Working Group on Star Names "IAU Catalog of Star Names" (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Mei 2020. Besoek op 28 Julie 2016.
  10. "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Besoek op 19 Januarie 2019.
  11. "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (hulp)
  12. Al-Sufi, AbdulRahman (964). "Book Of Fixed Stars". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 Julie 2019.
  13. Schjellerup, Hans (1874). Description des Etoiles fixes. p. 45.

Eksterne skakels

Read other articles:

PT Cemindo Gemilang Tbk.Kode emitenIDX: CMNTIndustriBahan BangunanDidirikan2011KantorpusatJakarta, IndonesiaTokohkunciOza Guswara (General Manager - Sales & Marketing)ProdukSemenKaryawan500-600 (2014)AnakusahaPT Motive Mulia (Merah Putih Beton)Situs websemenmerahputih.com PT Cemindo Gemilang merupakan salah satu produsen semen premium di Indonesia. Perusahaan ini berdiri sejak tahun 2011 dan merupakan pemegang merek Semen Merah Putih. Saat ini PT Cemindo Gemilang telah memiliki empat pabr...

 

Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan Republik IndonesiaGambaran umumDasar hukumPeraturan Presiden Nomor 40 Tahun 2015Susunan organisasiDirektur JenderalIr. Novie Riyanto Rahardjo, MSEA Situs webhubud.dephub.go.id Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara (Inggris: Directorate General of Civil Aviationcode: en is deprecated (DGCA)) adalah unsur pelaksana sebagian tugas dan fungsi Kementerian Perhubungan Indonesia, yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Ment...

 

Anthony Norris GrovesLahir1 Februari 1795Newton Valence, Hampshire, InggrisMeninggal20 Mei 1853Bristol, InggrisKebangsaanInggrisPekerjaanDokter gigi, misionaris, pengarangSuami/istriMary Bethia Thompson, Harriet Baynes Anthony Norris Groves (1 Februari 1795 – 20 Mei 1853) adalah seorang misionaris Protestan Inggris, yang disebut bapak misi keyakinan. Ia meluncurkan misi Protestan pertama ke kaum Muslim berbahasa Arab, dan bermukim di Baghdad, dan kemudian di selatan India. Re...

Internal security vehicle Cadillac Gage Ranger A United States Air Force Cadillac Gage Ranger at Spangdahlem Air Base in 1985TypeInternal security vehiclePlace of originUnited StatesService historyIn serviceApril 1980–late 1990sUsed bySee OperatorsWarsImplementation ForceProduction historyDesignerCadillac GageManufacturerTextron Marine & Land SystemsUnit cost$230,720[1]Produced1979–?SpecificationsMass4,903 kg (10,809 lb) (loaded)Length5,030&#...

 

Historic church in New York, United States The Church of St. AnselmGeneral informationArchitectural styleByzantine Revival style, Romanesque Revival St. Anselm's Roman Catholic Church and SchoolU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of New York CityShow map of New YorkShow map of the United StatesLocation683 Tinton Ave., Bronx, New YorkCoordinates40°48′58″N 73°54′20″W / 40.81611°N 73.90556°W / 40.81611; -73.90556Area1.51 acres (0.61 ha)Buil...

 

Hermann DaurBiographieNaissance 21 février 1870Stetten (d)Décès 21 février 1925 (à 55 ans)Weil-am-RheinNationalité allemandeActivité Peintremodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Albert Hermann Daur (né le 21 février 1870 à Stetten et mort le 21 février 1925 à Ötlingen) est un peintre et artiste graphique allemand. Biographie Sa formation débute en 1885 à l'école de dessin Schieder de Bâle. En 1886, Hermann Daur commence à étudier à l'École des arts appliqu�...

Song Daar kom die Alibama (in English: There comes the Alibama) is a traditional Afrikaans song[1] and Cape jazz song.[2] According to some sources, the song's history dates back to about 1863, and it originally referred to the warship, the CSS Alabama.[3][4] The English name, Alabama, was respelt in the Cape Dutch vernacular to Alibama. Origin A plaque commemorating the visit of the CSS Alabama to Simonstown in 1863. It is commonly believed that the ...

 

Water pollution in India is mainly due to untreated wastewater discharge into rivers Canals, rivers and lakes in India often serve as dumping grounds for sewage, solid and liquid wastes. These are sources of water pollution, as illustrated in Tamil Nadu (above) and West Bengal (below). Water pollution is a major environmental issue in India. The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage.[1] Other sources of pollution include agricultural runoff and unregulated sma...

 

River in CanadaHornaday RiverLocationCountryCanadaPhysical characteristicsSource  • locationSouth of Bluenose Lake (Takipaq), Nunavut Mouth  • locationAmundsen Gulf, Northwest Territories • coordinates69°19′50″N 123°47′41″W / 69.33056°N 123.79472°W / 69.33056; -123.79472 (Hornady River (mouth)) • elevationSea levelLength190 km (120 mi)Basin size13,120 km2 (...

Traditional medicine in China Chinese medicine redirects here. For the practice of medicine in modern China, see Medicine in China. Traditional Chinese medicineA prescription section of a pharmacy in Nanning, Guangxi, China selling prepackaged Chinese and Western medicine (left) and Chinese medicinal herbs (right)Chinese nameTraditional Chinese中醫Simplified Chinese中医Literal meaningChinese medicineTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhōngyīWade–GilesChung1-i1IPA[ʈʂʊ&#...

 

A primary branch of Mandarin Chinese Southwestern MandarinUpper Yangtze MandarinRegionSichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hong Kong, othersNative speakers260 million (2012)[1]Language familySino-Tibetan SiniticChineseMandarinSouthwestern MandarinOfficial statusOfficial language in China (Guangxi)Recognised minoritylanguage in Hong Kong Macau Myanmar (Wa State, Kokang Self-Administered Zone) Vietnam (Lào Cai Province)Language codesISO 639-...

 

Bilateral relationsIsraeli–Japanese relations Israel Japan Israeli–Japanese relations (Hebrew: יחסי ישראל יפן; Japanese: 日本とイスラエルの関係) began on May 15, 1952, when Japan recognized Israel and an Israeli legation opened in Tokyo. In 1954, Japan's ambassador to Turkey assumed the additional role of minister to Israel. In 1955, a Japanese legation with a Minister Plenipotentiary opened in Tel Aviv. In 1963, relations were upgraded to Embassy level and have rem...

Defunct Catholic collegiate fraternity Theta Kappa PhiΘΚΦFoundedOctober 1, 1919; 104 years ago (1919-10-01)Lehigh University, in Bethlehem, PATypeSocialFormer AffiliationNICStatusMergedMerge DateApril 29, 1959SuccessorPhi Kappa ThetaEmphasisCatholic studentsScopeNationalMember badgeColors  Red,   Silver and   GoldSymbolSunFlowerColumbinePublicationThe Sun of Theta Kappa PhiChapters24 installedColonies2, at merger Theta Kappa Phi (ΘΚΦ) was a social frater...

 

Deputy head of government in the USSR First Deputy Premier of theSoviet UnionПервый заместитель Председателя Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР (1923–1946)Первый заместитель Председателя Совета министров СССР (1946–1991)Первый заместитель премьер-министра СССР (1991)Coat of arms of the Soviet UnionLongest servingKirill Mazurov26 March 1965 – 28 Novemb...

 

Face-covering veil in Egyptian society An Egyptian woman in 1860 Part of a series onIslamic female dress Types Abaya Al-amira Battoulah Boshiya Burkini Burqa Çarşaf Chador Haik Hijab Jilbaab Kerudung Kimeshek Khimar Kurhars Mukena Niqaab Paranja Safseri Selendang Shayla Tudong Yashmak Practice and law by country Australia Britain Canada Egypt France Indonesia Iran Pakistan Saudi Arabia Taliban Afghanistan Turkey Concepts Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hij...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Parti communiste. Parti communiste du Kampuchéa(km) អង្ការ Logotype officiel. Présentation Secrétaire général Pol Pot Fondation 28 juin 1951 (sous le nom de Parti révolutionnaire du peuple cambodgien)[1]30 septembre 1960 (en tant que parti séparé) Disparition 6 décembre 1981 Vice-secrétaire Nuon Chea Organisation de jeunesse Ligue de la jeunesse communiste du Kampuchéa (en) Positionnement Extrême gauche Idéologie CommunismeMarxi...

 

Formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations Part of a series onPhysical cosmology Big Bang · Universe Age of the universe Chronology of the universe Early universe Inflation · Nucleosynthesis Backgrounds Gravitational wave (GWB) Microwave (CMB) · Neutrino (CNB) Expansion · Future Hubble's law · Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric · Friedmann equations Inhomogeneous cosmology Future of an expa...

 

Environmental organization Society for Conservation BiologyFoundedMay 8, 1985[1]TypeScientific societyTax ID no. 33-0147824 (U.S.A.)[2]FocusConservation biology, education, policyLocationWashington, D.C., United StatesMembers >4,000[3]Revenue US$2,791,907 (2016)[4]Employees 16[4]Volunteers ~100[4]Websiteconbio.org The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) is an 501(c)(3) non-profit international professional organization that is dedicated to...

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Madama Butterfly (disambigua). Madama ButterflyMusicaGiacomo Puccini LibrettoLuigi Illica e Giuseppe Giacosa Fonti letterarieMadame Butterfly di David Belasco Atti3 Epoca di composizione1901-1903 PubblicazioneMilano: G. Ricordi, 1907 Dedicaregina Elena Prima rappr.17 febbraio 1904 TeatroTeatro Alla Scala Versioni successive 28 maggio 1904 - Teatro Grande di Brescia 10 luglio 1905 - Royal Opera House, Covent Garden di Londra 28 dice...

 

Simon VI, Count of LippeSimon VI of LippeBorn(1554-04-15)15 April 1554DetmoldDied7 December 1613(1613-12-07) (aged 59)Brake, now part of LemgoNoble familyHouse of LippeSpouse(s) Armgard, Countess of Rietberg Elizabeth of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg IssueDetail Simon VII Otto Philip I FatherBernhard VIII, Count of LippeMotherCatherine of Waldeck-Eisenberg Count Simon VI of Lippe (15 April 1554 in Detmold – 7 December 1613 in Brake (now part of Lemgo)) was an imperial count and...