Humiditeit

Tropiese woude het dikwels 'n hoë humiditeit.
Apparaat wat die relatiewe humiditeit meet.

Humiditeit is die hoeveelheid waterdamp in die lug. Waterdamp is die gasvormige toestand van die water en is onsigbaar.[1] Humiditeit dui op die waarskynlikheid van die neerslag, dou, of mis. Hoër humiditeit verminder die doeltreffendheid van die afkoeling van die liggaam deur sweet omdat die tempo van verdamping van vog uit die vel verminder word. Hierdie effek word bereken in 'n hitte-indeks, wat gebruik word tydens somerweer.

Daar is drie hoofmetings van humiditeit: absoluut, relatief en spesifiek. Absolute humiditeit is die waterinhoud van die lug.[2] Relatiewe humiditeit, uitgedruk as 'n persentasie, meet die huidige absolute humiditeit relatief tot die maksimum vir daardie temperatuur. Spesifieke humiditeit is 'n verhouding van die waterdampinhoud van die mengsel tot die totale luginhoud op 'n massabasis.

Definisies

Absolute humiditeit

Absolute humiditeit is die totale massa waterdamp in 'n gegewe volume van lug. Dit neem nie temperatuur in ag nie. Absolute humiditeit in die atmosfeer strek van naby nul tot ongeveer 30 g/m3 wanneer lug versadig is by 30 °C.

Relatiewe humiditeit

Relatiewe humiditeit word uitgedruk as 'n persentasie van die maksimum hoeveelheid waterdamp wat lug kan dra by 'n sekere temperatuur.

Lug by 100% humiditeit is lug wat heeltemal versadig is aan waterdamp. Dus, as die temperatuur van hierdie lug sou daal, sou daar dadelik waterdruppels vorm.

Om die hoeveelheid waterdamp in versadigde lug (100% humiditeit) te bepaal, kan dit soos volg gedoen word:

  • = Atmosferiese druk. By seevlak is atmosferiese druk 101.325 kPa.
  • = Dampdruk van water by omgewingstemperatuur. Dit word afgelees van stoomtabelle - neem die druk op die stoomtabel by omgewingstemperatuur.

Voorbeeld:

Veronderstel die omgewingstemperatuur is 30 °C en die relatiewe humiditeit is 50%. Kom ons bereken hoeveel waterdamp is teenwoordig in die lug by Durban.

Die persentasie waterdamp in lug by 100% humiditeit =

Die dampdruk van water by 30 °C is 4.242 kPa(a) {Uit stoomtabelle}

Omdat ons by Durban is, is die atmosferiese druk = 101.325 kPa

Dus, wanneer humiditeit 100% is, is die waterdamp in die lug = 4.242/101.325 = 4.19%

Die werklike humiditeit is egter 50%. Dus is die persentasie waterdamp in die lug = 4.19% × 50% = 2.09%

Om nou die absolute humiditeit te bereken, kan die volgende stappe gevolg word:

  • Aanvaar 1 kmol lug:
  • Bereken die massa van die waterdamp: 1 kmol × 2.09% × 18 kg/kmol = 0.3768 kg waterdamp
  • Bereken die volume van 1 kmol lug:
    • Gebruik ideale gaswet: PV = nRT ⇒ V = nRT/P = 1 × 8.314 × (28 + 273.15) / 101.325 = 24.7 m3
  • Absolute humiditeit is dus: 0.3768/24.7 = 0.01525 kg/m3 of 15.25 g/m3

Formule vir dampdruk

Daar is heelwat formules wat die dampdruk van water kan bereken as 'n funksie van temperatuur, maar Buck se vergelyking is gevind om baie akkuraat te wees tot 100°Cː

Waar:

  • = dampdruk in kPa
  • = temperatuur in °C
  • = Atmosferiesedruk in kPa
  • = Molfraksie waterdamp in lug
  • = Relatiewe humiditeit in %

Kyk ook

Verwysings

  1. ↑ {en} "What is Water Vapor?" (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Maart 2019. Besoek op 7 Julie 2014.
  2. ↑ {en} Wyer, S.S., "A treatise on producer-gas and gas-producers", (1906) The Engineering and Mining Journal, London, p.23

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