Ediacarium

Eon Era Periode Ouderdom  mj.
Fanerosoïkum Paleosoïkum Kambrium later
Proterosoïkum Neo- Ediacarium 635 - 541
Kriogenium 720 - 635
Tonium 1000 - 720
Meso- Stenium 1200 - 1000
Ektasium 1400 - 1200
Kalimnium 1600 - 1400
Paleo- Staterium 1800 - 1600
Orosirium 2050 - 1800
Riasium 2300 - 2050
Siderium 2500 - 2300
Argeïkum Neoargeïkum vroeër
Indeling van die Proterosoïkum volgens die ICS.[1]

Die Ediacarium is die laaste periode van die Proterosoïese Eon. Dit het van ongeveer 635 tot 541 miljoen jaar gelede geduur. Hierdie periode word ook die Vendium genoem.[2]

Die fossiele van Ediacara Hills

Daar is lank gedink dat in hierdie periode geen makroskopiese fossiele aangetref kan word, maar reeds in 1848 is fossiele uit die Prekambrium uit Engeland gepubliseer en in 1868 uit Newfoundland. Hierdie vondste is egter met ongeloof begroet. In 1946 het dit begin verander, toe Reg Sprigg in Ediacara Hills in die Flinders-gebergte van Suid-Australië pragtige fossiele uit hierdie periode -wat nou na Ediacara genoem is- gevind. Dit het nogtans tot 1957 geduur tot Ford et al. prekambriese fossiele in Engeland herontdek het en dit duidelik geword het dat Ediacara s'n in der waarheid ouer is as die Kambrium. Dit is veral prof. Martin Glaessner wat die Ediacara fossiele populêr gemaak het.[3]

Spriggina flounensi, 'n Bilateria-spesie(?) uit hierdie tydperk

Die rede waarom min fossiele uit hierdie tyd gevind word, en hulle volopper is in die periode wat volg (die Kambrium), is dat hulle nog sonder been, skulp, tand of ander harde dele was. Organismes wat net uit 'n sagte liggaam bestaan fossiliseer net onder uiters gunstige omstandighede.[2] Daar is gedink dat die oorgang na die Kambrium gepaard gegaan het met 'n uitwissing, maar dit is omstrede.[3]

Klimaat

Die klimaat het taamlik warm gewees. Maar in die Ediacarium het die planeet dalk opnuut amper 'n Sneeubal-Aarde geword, soos dit in die Kriogenium die geval gewees het. Omtrent 580 mj gelede vind die Gaskiers-glasiasie plaas en lei tot die vorming van diamiktiet-afsettings. Dit het nogtans taamlik kort geduur.[4]

Suurstof

Die suurstofgehalte van die atmosfeer het waarskynlik omtrent 635 mj gelede amper die moderne vlak bereik maar in die oseaan se dieptes het dit amper 55 miljoen jaar later gebeur, omtrent 580 mj gelede. Dit het groot gevolge vir die oseaanbodem gehad omdat groter eukariote daardeur die oseaanbodem kon koloniseer. Die "Kambriese ontploffing" my sy ryke verskeidenheid diere met harde liggaamsdele, wat volg op die Ediakarium, hou verband met hierdie geochemiese wysigings.[5]

Pannotië

Pannotië

Die fragmente van die kontinent Rodinië het omstreeks 600 mj opnuut saamgekom en 'n superkontinent gevorm, wat Pannotië genoem word. Party kratons wat aan die omtrek van Rodinië geleë was, vorm nou 'n nuwe eenheid wat die kern van Pannotië vorm. Dit is nou bekend as Afrika.

Verwysings

  1. ↑ Gradstein et al 2012
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 "BBC Nature" (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Julie 2018. Besoek op 6 Junie 2017.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 There is no such thing as the ‘Ediacara Biota’ Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann Geoscience Frontiers 5(1), Januarie 2014, blss 53-62
  4. ↑ Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota Judy P. Pu, Samuel A. Bowring, Jahandar Ramezani, Paul Myrow, Timothy D. Raub, Ed Landing, Andrea Mills, Eben Hodgin, Francis A. Macdonald.
  5. ↑ Biodiversity and Earth History, Jens Boenigk, Sabina Wodniok, Edvard Glücksman, Springer, 2015, ISBN 3-662-46394-6, ISBN 978-3-662-46394-9, bls. 100

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