Pascanasionalisme

Bagian dari seri
Nasionalisme
Development
Nilai inti
Jenis
Organisasi
Daftar organisasi nasionalis
Portal politik

Pascanasionalisme atau non-nasionalisme[1] menjelaskan proses hilangnya keutamaan negara-bangsa dan identitas nasional di mata institusi supranasional dan global. Meski pascanasionalisme bukan antonim dari nasionalisme, dua istilah tersebut beserta segala asumsinya merupakan suatu antitesis. Ada beberapa faktor yang mendorong pascanasionalisme, yaitu ekonomi, politik, dan budaya.

Peningkatan globalisasi di sektor ekonomi, misalnya perluasan perdagangan internasional barang mentah, barang jadi, dan jasa, serta pentingnya perusahaan multinasional dan internasionalisasi pasar keuangan, telah mengalihkan perhatian dunia dari ekonomi nasional ke ekonomi global. Pada saat yang sama, kekuasaan politik beralih dari pemerintah nasional ke institusi supranasional seperti Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Uni Eropa, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), dan NATO. Selain itu, industri media dan hiburan semakin mengglobal dan mendorong pembentukan tren dan opini di tingkat supranasional. Migrasi orang atau kelompok antarnegara ikut mendorong pembentukan identitas dan kepercayaan pascanasional, tetapi kedekatan dengan kewarganegaraan dan identitas nasional juga masih dirasa penting.[2][3][4]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Bennett 1998, hlm. 232.
  2. ^ R. Koopmans and P. Statham; "Challenging the liberal nation-state? Postnationalism, multiculturalism, and the collective claims making of migrants and ethnic minorities in Britain and Germany"; American Journal of Sociology 105:652-696 (1999)
  3. ^ R.A. Hackenberg and R.R. Alvarez; "Close-ups of postnationalism: Reports from the US-Mexico borderlands"; Human Organization 60:97-104 (2001)
  4. ^ I. Bloemraad; "Who claims dual citizenship? The limits of postnationalism, the possibilities of transnationalism, and the persistence of traditional citizenship"; International Migration Review 38:389-426 (2004)

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