Apolinarianisme

Apolinarianisme atau Apolinarisme adalah pandangan yang dikemukakan oleh Uskup Apollinaris dari Laodikea (310—390 M).[1] Ia mengatakan bahwa Yesus mempunyai tubuh sebagai manusia tetapi tidak memiliki roh dan jiwa rasional.[2] Pada diri Yesus adalah pikiran Ilahi.[2] Apolinarianisme merupakan suatu usaha untuk membela keilahian Kristus tetapi mengorbankan sisi kemanusiaan Kristus.[2] Ada dua alasan yang dikemukakan oleh Apollinaris mengenai mengapa ia tidak menerima Yesus mempunyai jiwa insani yang rsional.[3]

Pertama, hal semacam itu berarti mengandaikan bahwa kodrat insani Kristus merupakan entitas tersendiri.[3] Kedua, kegiatan intelektual yang insani itu mengandaikan pula kodrat insani pada suatu saat dapat memutuskan kesatuannya dengan keilahian sehingga kesatuan antara Ketuhanan dan kemanusiaan belum tentu kesatuan yang tetap.[3] Dari kedua hal ini, kemudian Apollinaris menarik kesimpulan bahwa sang Ilahi tidak menerima akal budi insani tetapi mengisi tempat akal budi itu.[3] Di dalam pemikirannya, Apollinaris menggunakan istilah "Theos sarks ho foros" yang artinya Allah yang memikul daging.[4]

Pandangan ini dinyatakan sebagai pandangan yang sangat menyesatkan banyak orang bidah (ajaran sesat) pada Konsili Konstantinopel (381).[5] Kristus secara resmi digambarkan sepenuhnya manusia dan sepenuhnya Allah. Para pengikut Apolinarianisme dituduh berusaha menciptakan tertium quid.

Referensi

  1. ^ Henk ten Napel. 2006, Kamus Teologi Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm. 36.
  2. ^ a b c (Indonesia) Gerald O'Collins, SJ. & Edward G Farrugia, SJ. 1996, Kamus Teologi. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. hlm. 32.
  3. ^ a b c d Nico Syukur Dister. 2004, Teologi Sistematika 1. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. hlm. 202.
  4. ^ F.D Wellem. 2003, Riwayat Hidup Singkat Tokoh-tokoh.. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm. 9.
  5. ^ (Indonesia) Tony Lane. 2007, Runtut Pijar -- Sejarah Pemikiran Kristiani. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm. 32.

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