股骨

股骨
股骨在人体的位置(以红色显示)
股骨的前視圖
基本信息
肌肉起點Gastrocnemius , Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius
肌肉終點Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, lateral rotator group, adductors of the hip
關節臀部包含骨盆以上的關節窩
膝蓋包含以下的脛骨膝蓋骨
标识字符
拉丁文Os femoris, os longissimum
MeSHD005269
TA98A02.5.04.001
TA21360
FMAFMA:9611
格雷氏p.242
骨骼解剖学术语英语Anatomical terms of bone

股骨(femur)俗稱大腿骨(thigh bone),是人体中最长、最大的管状骨,位于大腿,分为一体及上、下两端。在四肢动物,位于下肢(或后肢)深面。

股骨上端弯曲,此弯曲部称作股骨颈(femoral neck)。这种弯曲连接能有效降低外界对骨盆的冲击,股骨颈有如一缓冲器。股骨颈上方有股骨头(femoral head),近圆形,其关节面与骨盆髋臼形成髋关节

相对股骨头有一骨性突起,称为大转子[1](greater trochanter),是臀大肌臀中肌臀小肌的附着点。在内侧有小转子[2](lesser trochanter),是髂肌腰大肌的附着点。一些哺乳类动物(如),还有第三转子(third trochanter)。

股骨幹[3][4](femoral shaft)是众多收肌的附着点。

股骨下端与髌骨胫骨上端构成膝关节,支撑全身体重。股骨下端有两个关节隆起,分别称为内侧髁和外侧髁,形成膝关节的一部分。胫骨髁胫骨相连。

病变

股骨最常见的病变是股骨骨折

股骨头的关节面可以因为磨损,机械撞击,受伤发炎受到损害。通过手术,可以使用假肢股骨头(还可以与股骨颈一起)被替换。

而股骨膝关节面受损也是很常见的,这也是可以通过手术作义肢解决的。

参考

  1. ^ 张国川,侯继光,张奇,等. 股骨大转子倾斜指数的概念提出与测量. 中华创伤骨科杂志,2011,13(09):851-855. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-7600.2011.09.011
  2. ^ 魏波,李康华,陈日景,等. 股骨小转子方位角的解剖学测量及临床意义. 解剖与临床,2005,10(03):241-241,243. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-7163.2005.03.133
  3. ^ 宋美玲,温俭,钟玉朋,等.成人股骨干骨折内固定的研究进展[J].中国矫形外科杂志, 2023, 31(12):1106-1110.
  4. ^ 王海强,韩一生,王志刚,等. 股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的临床分析[J]. 中华创伤骨科杂志,2007,9(08):788-789. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-7600.2007.08.025

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