维克多·格林尼亚

弗朗索瓦·奥古斯特·维克多·格林尼亚1912年諾貝爾化学獎得主
François Auguste Victor Grignard
出生(1871-05-06)1871年5月6日
 法國瑟堡
逝世1935年12月13日(1935歲—12—13)(64歲)
 法國里昂
国籍 法國
母校里昂大学
知名于格林尼亞反應
奖项诺贝尔化学奖(1912年)
科学生涯
研究领域有機化學
机构南希大学英语University of Nancy, 里昂高等化学物理电子学院

弗朗索瓦·奥古斯特·维克多·格林尼亚法语François Auguste Victor Grignard,1871年5月6日—1935年12月13日),法国化学家诺贝尔化学奖得主。他于1871年5月6日出生于法国瑟堡,1935年12月13日逝世于法国里昂

格林尼亚出身于一个造船师的家庭中。他早年曾在里昂攻读数学,后来转为化学,并于1910年在南希大学英语University of Nancy任教授。一战中他曾参与过化学武器的研究,主要为光气的制造和芥子气的检测。战时他的“对手”则是德国化学家,另一个诺贝尔化学奖得主弗里茨·哈伯

格林尼亚反应

格林尼亚最著名的科学贡献是他发现了一种增长碳链有机合成方法[1]。这种方法被后人称为“格林尼亚反应”,反应中用到的烃基卤化镁则被后人称为“格氏试剂”。格氏反应分为两步:

  1. 格氏试剂的合成卤代烃(简式R-X,其中R代表烷基芳基;X 是卤素,通常为)与金属乙醚中反应,制得格氏试剂R-Mg-X。
  2. 羰基的进攻:反应的第二步,向格氏试剂中加入等羰基化合物。格氏试剂中的碳负离子对羰基碳进行亲核加成,生成的化合物是一种

格氏反应是用有机小分子合成大分子的重要方法。如果选择合适的起始反应物,格氏反应可以被用来合成很多不同的化合物。1912年,格林尼亚与他的同事法国化学家保罗·萨巴捷一同获得了诺贝尔化学奖。

榮譽

参考资料

  1. ^ 原始文献:V. Grignard, Compt. Rend. Vol. 130, p. 1322 (1900)
  2. ^ Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1912, Victor Grignard bio notes页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Newbold, Brian T. "Victor Grignard Ancestor of Organic Synthesis," Canadian Chemical News. October 1, 2001.

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