砷酸钠

砷酸钠

IUPAC名 Sodium dihydrogen arsenate
别名	sodium arsenate
识别
CAS号	13464-38-5（无水） ^Y 13510-46-8（十二水） ^Y
PubChem	47275 23622126 57348098
ChemSpider	43027, 29325835
SMILES	[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
InChI	1S/AsH3O4.3Na/c2-1(3,4)5;;;/h(H3,2,3,4,5);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
InChIKey	CDBAKLRDFBGJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
ChEBI	84070
性质
化学式	Na₃AsO₄
摩尔质量	207.89 g·mol⁻¹
外观	无色固体
密度	1.517 g/cm³ (十二水)
熔点	995—1,005 °C（1,268—1,278 K）（无水）^[1] 60 °C（333 K）（十二水，分解）^[1]
溶解性（水）	可溶
危险性
GHS危险性符号
GHS提示词	危险
H-术语	H301, H331, H350, H410
P-术语	P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+310, P304+340, P308+313, P311, P321, P330
主要危害	有毒
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

砷酸钠是一种无机化合物，化学式为Na₃AsO₄。

制备

砷酸钠可由砷酸（或五氧化二砷^[2]）和氢氧化钠反应得到，从pH=11的溶液中可析出十二水合物：

H₃AsO₄ + 3 NaOH → Na₃AsO₄ + 3 H₂O

或由偏亚砷酸钠在水中经过氧化钠氧化得到。^[3]它也可以从红砷镍矿中用硝酸钠和氢氧化钠提取出来：^[4]

2 NiAs + 7 NaNO₃ + 6 NaOH → 2 NiO + 2 Na₃AsO₄ + 7 NaNO₂ + 3 H₂O

性质

砷酸钠和金属盐在氨的存在下反应，可以得到相应的氨配盐[M(NH₃)₆]AsO₄（M=Sc, Y, La, Cr, Co, Fe）。^[5]它可以被甲醛还原为单质砷。^[6]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Buketov, E. A.; Polukarov, A. N.; Isabaev, S. M.; Zhambekov, M. I. Thermal stability of sodium arsenates. Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, 1973. 29 (6): 30-33. ISSN: 0002-3213.
^ Sagadieva, A. K.; Makhmetov, M. Zh.; Kozorin, L. G. Crystal hydrates of sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4). Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1980. 25 (4): 1129-1132. ISSN: 0044-457X.
^ Chavchanidze, N. G.; Giuashvili, I. I.; Ugulava, M. M.; Gigauri, R. D. Preparation of alkali metal arsenates. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1990. 35 (4): 1074-1076. ISSN: 0044-457X.
^ Fester, G. A. Sodium arsenate from nickel arsenides. Rev. fac. ing. quim., 1956. 25: 143-151. CAN52: 10344.
^ Kekenadze, M.; Rusia, M.; Kutsia, L.; Dzotsenidze, Z.; Gigauri, R. Synthesis and study of ammines of d-metals' (III) tetraoxoarsenates. Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2000. 162 (2): 265-268. ISSN: 1560-0262.
^ Bugenov, E. S.; Savel'ev, A. E. Mechanism of homogeneous reduction of arsenate ions with Formalin. Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Mineral'nogo Syr'ya, 1979. 4: 22-28. ISSN: 0202-1382.

查论编钠化合物
卤素、拟卤素	NaF NaOF NaCl NaClO NaClO₂ NaClO₃ NaClO₄ NaBr NaBrO NaBrO₃ NaI NaIO₃ NaIO₄ Na₅IO₆ NaCN NaOCN NaSCN NaSeCN
礦素（氧族）	Na₂O NaOH Na₂O₂ NaO₂ NaO₃ Na₂S NaSH Na₂S₂ Na₂S₄ Na₂SO₃ NaHSO₃ Na₂SO₄ NaHSO₄ Na₂S₂O₃ Na₂S₂O₄ Na₂S₂O₅ Na₂S₂O₆ Na₂S₂O₇ Na₂S₂O₈ Na₂Se NaSeH Na₂SeO₃ Na₂SeO₄ Na₂Te Na₂TeO₃ Na₂TeO₄ Na₂Po
氮族	Na₃N Na₂NH NaNH₂ NaN₂H₃ NaN₃ NaNO₂ NaNO₃ (NaNO)₂ Na₃P NaPO₂H₂ Na₅P₃O₁₀ Na₃PO₄ Na₂HPO₄ NaH₂PO₄ NaAsO₂ Na₃AsO₃ Na₃AsO₄ NaSbO₃ NaBiO₃
晶素（碳族）	Na₂C₂ Na₂CO₃ NaHCO₃ Na₄CO₄ Na₄Si₄ Na₂SiO₃ Na₄SiO₄ Na₂Si₂O₅ Na₄Ge₄ Na₄Ge₉ Na₄Ge₁₃ Na₂GeO₃
硼族	NaBH₄ NaBH₃(CN) NaAlO₂ Na₃AlF₆ NaAlCl₄ NaInS₂
鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、惰氣	NaH NaK Na₂He Na₄XeO₆
副族金属	Na₂Zn(OH)₄ Na_xHg_y Ag₂Na Na₂PtCl₆ Na₃IrCl₆ Na₂IrCl₆ Na₄Fe(CN)₆ Na₃Fe(CN)₆ Na₂FeO₄ Na₃MnO₄ Na₂MnO₄ NaMnO₄ NaTcO₄ NaReO₄ Na₂CrO₄ Na₂Cr₂O₇ Na₂MoO₄ Na₂MoS₄ Na₂WO₄ NaVO₃ Na₃VO₄ Na₂Ti₃O₇ Na₂UO₄ Na₂U₂O₇
有机酸盐	HCO₂Na CH₃CO₂Na (CH₃CO₂)₂HNa CF₃CO₂Na CCl₃CO₂Na Na₂C₂O₄ NaHC₂O₄ CH₃CH₂CO₂Na C₆H₅CO₂Na HOC₆H₄CO₂Na
有机化合物	C₆H₅Na C₁₀H₈Na C₅H₅Na C₂H₅Na Ph₃CNa RCHNaCN

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