865年,丹麦大军由“白衬衫”哈夫丹(英语:Halfdan Ragnarsson)(Halfdan)和“无骨者”伊瓦尔(Ivarr the Boneless)率领,在东盎格利亚登陆,发动了大规模入侵。诺森布里亚和东盎格利亚、麦西亚分别于867年、869年和871年—874年沦陷了。870年,丹麦人开始对威塞克斯发动进攻,但遇到了不小的抵抗。880年秋,丹麦人撤离了威塞克斯和麦西亚西部,并在东盎格利亚进行永久性定居。这些丹麦人在征服地区(主要是英格兰东部和北部)建立了自己的社会,播下了他们的社会文化痕迹,例如一些地名。这些地区后被称为“丹麦法区”。
^Jones.The end of Roman Britain: Military Security. pp.164 - 168. The author discusses the failings of the Roman army in Britain and the reasons why they eventually left.
^Jones.The end of Roman Britain. p246. Roman Britain's death throes began on the last day of December 406 when Alans, Vandals, and Sueves crossed the Rhine and began the invasion of Gaul
^ 4.04.1Morris. The Age of Arthur.pp.56 -62. Picts and Saxons.
^Myres. The English Settlements. p.14. Talking about Gildas references to the arrival of three keels(ships),...this was the number of ship loads that led to the foedus or treaty settlement. Gildas also uses in their correct sense technical terms, annona, epimenia, hospites, which most likely derive from official documents relating to the billeting and supply of barbarian foederati.
^ 6.06.16.2Morris. Age of Arthur. p.75. - Gildas:.. The federate complained that their monthly deliveries were inadequately paid.. - All the greater towns fell to their enemy..
^Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29. Referring to Gildas text about a letter:The Britons...still felt it possible to appeal to Aetius, a Roman military official in Gaul in the mid-440s
^Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29.Both Zosimus and Gildas refer to the 'Rescript of Honorius',a letter in which the Western Roman emperor told the British civitas to see to their own defence.
^Esmonde Cleary. The Ending of Roman Britain. pp.137 - 138. The author suggests that the 'Rescript of Honorius' may have been for a place in southern Italy rather than Britain and that the chronology is wrong
^Myers, The English Settlements, Chapter 4: The Romano British Background and the Saxon Shore. Myers identifies incidence of German people in Britain during the Roman occupation.
^ 14.014.114.214.314.414.5(英文)John Blair. The Anglo-Saxon Age: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1984.
^Charles Thomas Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 500. pp.48 - 50: Saint Alban is discussed in detail, as when he lived and was martyred gives an indication of the state of Christianity in Roman Britain. Dates suggested for his martyrdom are 209 or 251-9 or c.303AD
^Jones, The End of Roman Britain, pp 174 - 185: Religious Belief and Political loyalty. The author suggests the British were supporters of the Pelagian heresy, and that the numbers of Christians were higher than Gildas reports.
^ 18.018.118.2Charles-Edwards.After Rome:Society, Community and Identity. p.97
^Kirby, The Church in Saxon Sussex, pp.160-173. Kirby suggests that there would have been Christian communities already in Sussex. King Æthelwealh and his wife were already Christian, he having been baptised in Mercia. The pre-existing converts, in Sussex, would have been evangelised by the Irish church, and Bede and Eddius (Wilfred's biographer) were indifferent to the Irish Church. It was also politic to play up Wilfrid's role.
^Jennifer O'Reilly,After Rome:The Art of Authority, p.144-148
^Bede. History of the English People, III.25 and III.26
^Asser, Alfred the Great, III pp.121-160. Examples of King Alfred's writings
^Starkey, Monarchy, p.76. The modern ascription 'Unready' derives from the Anglo-Saxon word unraed, meaning "badly advised or counselled"