比绍

比绍
Bissau
Photos of Bissau
比绍旗幟
旗幟
比绍徽章
徽章
比绍在幾內亞比索的位置
比绍
比绍
坐标:11°51′N 15°34′W / 11.850°N 15.567°W / 11.850; -15.567
国家 几内亚比绍
面积
 • 总计77.5 平方公里(29.9 平方英里)
人口(2015年)
 • 總計492,004人
 • 密度6,348人/平方公里(16,442人/平方英里)

比绍[註 1](葡萄牙語:Bissau[βiˈsaw]),几内亚比绍首都與最大城市、也是几内亚比绍的主要港口、教育、行政、工業和軍事中心。人口約492,004人(2015年估计),位於西經11度52分/北緯15度36分,该国西部热巴河(Rio Geba)汇入大西洋的河口處。

歷史

比绍於1687年由葡萄牙帝國建立,是一個堅固的港口和貿易中心。[1]1942年,葡萄牙將幾內亞首都從博拉馬遷至比紹,成為葡屬幾內亞的首府,1973年, 几内亚和佛得角非洲独立党的游擊隊宣布獨立後,叛亂領土的首府被宣佈為博埃,而比紹仍然是葡屬幾內亞首府,但在1973至1974年間,首府遷往博拉马。但當康乃馨革命導致世界各殖民地紛紛脫離葡國統治獨立後,1974年9月21日,比绍正式确定为几内亚比绍共和国首都。1998年至2000年一場軍事暴動引發的內戰,破壞了该市众多的歷史建築。[2]

地理

1960年代比紹作為葡屬幾內亞首府的景色

比紹位於北緯 11°52',西經 15°36,位於大西洋附近的格巴河河口。周圍的土地地勢極低。

气候

比紹屬屬於柯本氣候分類法熱帶乾濕季氣候,濕度不足以成為熱帶季風氣候,但比大多數城市的氣候要潮濕得多。從11月到5月幾乎沒有下雨,在一年中剩下的五個月裡,這座城市的降雨量約為2,000毫米(79英寸)。

比绍 (1974-1994)
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 36.7
(98.1)
38.3
(100.9)
38.9
(102.0)
41.1
(106.0)
39.4
(102.9)
35.6
(96.1)
33.3
(91.9)
32.8
(91.0)
33.9
(93.0)
34.4
(93.9)
35.0
(95.0)
35.6
(96.1)
41.1
(106.0)
平均高温 °C(°F) 31.1
(88.0)
32.8
(91.0)
33.9
(93.0)
33.3
(91.9)
32.8
(91.0)
31.1
(88.0)
29.4
(84.9)
30.0
(86.0)
30.0
(86.0)
31.1
(88.0)
31.7
(89.1)
30.6
(87.1)
31.5
(88.7)
日均气温 °C(°F) 24.4
(75.9)
25.6
(78.1)
26.6
(79.9)
27.0
(80.6)
27.5
(81.5)
26.9
(80.4)
26.1
(79.0)
26.4
(79.5)
26.4
(79.5)
27.0
(80.6)
26.9
(80.4)
24.8
(76.6)
26.3
(79.3)
平均低温 °C(°F) 17.8
(64.0)
18.3
(64.9)
19.4
(66.9)
20.6
(69.1)
22.2
(72.0)
22.8
(73.0)
22.8
(73.0)
22.8
(73.0)
22.8
(73.0)
22.8
(73.0)
22.2
(72.0)
18.9
(66.0)
21.1
(70.0)
历史最低温 °C(°F) 12.2
(54.0)
13.3
(55.9)
15.6
(60.1)
16.7
(62.1)
17.2
(63.0)
19.4
(66.9)
19.4
(66.9)
19.4
(66.9)
19.4
(66.9)
20.0
(68.0)
15.0
(59.0)
12.8
(55.0)
12.2
(54.0)
平均降雨量 mm(英寸) 0.5
(0.02)
0.8
(0.03)
0.5
(0.02)
0.8
(0.03)
17.3
(0.68)
174.8
(6.88)
472.5
(18.60)
682.5
(26.87)
434.9
(17.12)
194.8
(7.67)
41.4
(1.63)
2.0
(0.08)
2,022.8
(79.63)
月均日照時數 248 226 279 270 248 210 186 155 180 217 240 248 2,707
数据来源1:Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[3]
数据来源2:World Climate Guides (仅日照时间)[4]

人口統計

在1979年的人口普查中,比紹的人口為109,214人。到2015年人口普查時,比紹的人口為492,004人。

經濟

比紹是几内亚比绍最大的城市,花生硬木、椰乾、棕櫚油、奶製品和橡膠是主要產品,比紹也是該國漁業和農業的主要城市。[5]

交通

機場

比紹由該國唯一的國際機場奧斯華·比艾羅機場英语Osvaldo Vieira International Airport提供服務,該機場目前提供來自六家不同航空公司的航班。

高速公路

連接比紹與全國其他地區和非洲大陸的主要公路是非洲西部沿海橫貫高速公路。還有許多較小的國道連接到其他大城市,如巴法塔和加布。

文化

比紹的景點包括18世紀葡萄牙人建造的聖何塞·達阿穆拉堡英语Fortaleza de São José da Amura,其中包括阿米爾卡·卡布拉爾的陵墓、1959年8月3日比紹碼頭工人罷工中遇難碼頭工人的比基吉迪大屠殺紀念碑幾內亞比紹國家藝術博物館比紹新體育場和當地海灘。

幾內亞比紹內戰(1998-1999)期間,該市的許多建築被毀,包括幾內亞比紹總統府和比紹法國文化中心(現已重建),市中心仍不發達。由於比紹穆斯林人口眾多,因此齋戒月也是一個重要的慶祝活動。[6][7]

姐妹城市

注释

  1. ^ 比绍Bissau,台湾译比索

参考资料

  1. ^ Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian. Capital Cities Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. 2013: 53 (英语). 
  2. ^ Guinea-Bissau. Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia. Uppsala University. [July 12, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-31). 
  3. ^ GUINEA-BISSAU - BISSAU. Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. [2011-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-05). 
  4. ^ Bissau Climate Guide. Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. [2011-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-05). 
  5. ^ Urbanização na Guiné-Bissau: Morfologia e Estrutura Urbana da sua Capital [Urbanization in Guinea-Bissau: Morphology and Urban Structure of its Capital] (Master's论文). Lisbon University of Humanities and Technologies: 93–97. 2010 [16 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于6 January 2021) (葡萄牙语). 
  6. ^ Korité in Guinea-Bissau in 2021. Office Holidays. [2020-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-03) (英语). 
  7. ^ Guinea-Bissau Holidays and Festivals. iexplore.com. [2020-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-06). 

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