大爆炸的本质并不是物质的爆炸从而向外扩散至整个空旷的宇宙空间,而是每一处的空间本身随着时间的膨胀(英语:metric expansion of space),从而两个共动天体之间的物理距离在不断增长。由于FLRW度规假设了宇宙中物质和能量的均匀分布,它只对宇宙在大尺度下的情形适用——对於像我们的星系这样局部的物质聚集情形,引力的束缚作用要远大于空间度规膨胀的影响,从而不能采用FLRW度规[42]。
^有很多相关报道声称霍伊尔是出于讽刺的目的才如此称呼大爆炸理论,但霍伊尔本人后来否认了这个说法。他指出这种特别的说法只是为了向听众着重说明两个理论的不同。参见肯·克罗斯韦尔所著《The Alchemy of the Heavens》(1995年)第九章(中译本名为《银河系》,黄磷译,海南出版社1999年出版)
^Cosmology: The Study of the Universe. Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. NASA. 2010-12-10 [2017-04-15]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-14). The prevailing theory about the origin and evolution of our Universe is the so-called Big Bang theory … The second section discusses the classic tests of the Big Bang theory that make it so compelling as the likely valid description of our universe.
^Wright, E.L. What is the evidence for the Big Bang?. Frequently Asked Questions in Cosmology. UCLA, Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2009-05-09 [2010-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-01).
^ 16.016.1Lemaître, G. Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extragalactiques. Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels. 1927, 47A: 41.(法文)
^ 19.019.119.2
Peebles, P.J.E.; Ratra, Bharat. The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2003, 75: 559–606. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
^Mitton. Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49595-0."To create a picture in the mind of the listener, Hoyle had likened the explosive theory of the universe's origin to a 'big bang'"
^ 28.028.1
Boggess, N.W.; Mather, J. C.; Weiss, R.; Bennett, C. L.; Cheng, E. S.; Dwek, E.; Gulkis, S.; Hauser, M. G.; Janssen, M. A.; et al. The COBE Mission: Its Design and Performance Two Years after the launch. Astrophysical Journal. 1992, 397: 420. doi:10.1086/171797. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
^Tamara M. Davis and Charles H. Lineweaver, Expanding Confusion: common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the Universe. astro-ph/0310808 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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Avgoustidis, A.; Luzzi, G.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Monteiro, A. M. R. V. L. Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements. 2011. arXiv:1112.1862v1 [astro-ph.CO].
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Belusevic, R. Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology. Wiley-VCH. 2008: 16. ISBN 3-527-40764-2.
^Eleftherios Papantonopoulos. The Physics of the Early Universe. Springer Science & Business Media. 2005-01-07. ISBN 978-3-540-22712-0.
^
Dicke, R.H.; Peebles, P.J.E. The big bang cosmology—enigmas and nostrums. Hawking, S.W. (ed); Israel, W.(ed) (编). General Relativity: an Einstein centenary survey. Cambridge University Press: 504–517.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^
Penrose, R. Singularities and Time-Asymmetry. Hawking, S.W. (ed); Israel, W.(ed) (编). General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey. Cambridge University Press: 581–638. 1979.
^
Penrose, R. Difficulties with Inflationary Cosmology. Fergus, E.J.(ed) (编). Proceedings of the 14th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics. New York Academy of Sciences: 249–264. 1989. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50513.x.
^Sakharov, A.D. Violation of CP Invariance, C Asymmetry and Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, Pisma. 1967, 5: 32.(俄文) :(英语译文见Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters5, 24(1967))
^Navabi, A.A.; Riazi, Nematollah. Is the Age Problem Resolved?. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 2003, 24: 3. doi:10.1007/BF03012187.
^Keel, B. Dark Matter. [2010-06-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
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