最終人們發現,暴脹並不會產生完全對稱的宇宙,暴脹場中會形成細小的量子漲落。這些漲落成了日後所有宇宙結構的萌芽。[62]在分析斯塔羅賓斯基模型的過程中,蘇聯的維亞切斯拉夫·穆哈諾夫(Viatcheslav Mukhanov)和G·V·奇比索夫(G. V. Chibisov)首次計算了這些漲落。[63][64][65]劍橋大學為期三個星期的「1982年納菲爾德極早期宇宙研討會」(1982 Nuffield Workshop on the Very Early Universe)也單獨計算出了這一量子漲落。[66]研討會上共有四組科學家分別進行計算:史蒂芬·霍金;[67]斯塔羅賓斯基;[68]古斯和皮瑞英;[69]以及詹姆斯·M·巴丁、保罗·斯泰恩哈特和米高·特納。[70]
^Ade, P. A. R.; Aikin, R. W.; Barkats, D.; Benton, S. J.; Bischoff, C. A.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Buder, I.; Bullock, E.; Dowell, C. D.; Duband, L.; Filippini, J. P.; Fliescher, S.; Golwala, S. R.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Hristov, V. V.; Irwin, K. D.; Karkare, K. S.; Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kovac, J. M.; Kuo, C. L.; Leitch, E. M.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Ogburn, R. W. IV; Orlando, A.; Pryke, C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Richter, S.; Schwartz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Sudiwala, R. W.; Teply, G. P.; Tolan, J. E.; Turner, A. D.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.; Yoon, K. W. BICEP2 I: Detection of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales(PDF). 17 March 2014 [2014年4月2日]. arXiv:1403.3985. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2014年3月17日).
^ 33.033.1Misner, Charles; Thorne, Kip S. and Wheeler, John Archibald. Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1973: 489–490, 525–526. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Weinberg, Steven. Gravitation and Cosmology. John Wiley. 1971: 740, 815. ISBN 0-471-92567-5.
^Guth, Alan. The Inflationary Universe illustrated. Basic Books. 1998: 181–184. ISBN 9780201328400.
^Lemaître, Georges. The expanding universe. Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles. 1933, 47A: 49., English in Gen. Rel. Grav.29:641–680, 1997.
^Dicke, Robert H.; P. J. E. Peebles. The big bang cosmology – enigmas and nostrums. ed. S. W. Hawking and W. Israel (编). General Relativity: an Einstein Centenary Survey. Cambridge University Press. 1979.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Guth, Alan; Tye, S. Phase Transitions and Magnetic Monopole Production in the Very Early Universe. Physical Review Letters. 1980, 44 (10): 631–635; Erratum ibid.,44:963, 1980. Bibcode:1980PhRvL..44..631G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.631.
^See, e.g. Yao, W.–M.; Amsler, C.; Asner, D.; Barnett, R. M.; Beringer, J.; Burchat, P. R.; Carone, C. D.; Caso, C.; Dahl, O.; d'Ambrosio, G.; De Gouvea, A.; Doser, M.; Eidelman, S.; Feng, J. L.; Gherghetta, T.; Goodman, M.; Grab, C.; Groom, D. E.; Gurtu, A.; Hagiwara, K.; Hayes, K. G.; Hernández-Rey, J. J.; Hikasa, K.; Jawahery, H.; Kolda, C.; Kwon, Y.; Mangano, M. L.; Manohar, A. V.; Masoni, A.; et al. Review of Particle Physics. J. Phys. G. 2006, 33 (1): 1 [2014-06-03]. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. arXiv:astro-ph/0601168. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001. (原始内容存档于2017-09-07).
^Martin, Rees. Before the Beginning. 1998: 185. ISBN 0-201-15142-1. Skeptics about exotic physics might not be hugely impressed by a theoretical argument to explain the absence of particles that are themselves only hypothetical. Preventive medicine can readily seem 100 percent effective against a disease that doesn't exist!
^de Sitter, Willem. Einstein's theory of gravitation and its astronomical consequences. Third paper. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1917, 78: 3–28. Bibcode:1917MNRAS..78....3D.
^Starobinsky, A. A. Spectrum Of Relict Gravitational Radiation And The Early State Of The Universe. JETP Letters. 1979, 30: 682. Bibcode:1979JETPL..30..682S.; Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe. Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 1979, 30: 719. Bibcode:bibcode=1979ZhPmR..30..719S请检查|bibcode=值 (帮助).
^Linde, A. A new inflationary universe scenario: A possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity, isotropy and primordial monopole problems. Physics Letters B. 1982, 108 (6): 389–393. Bibcode:1982PhLB..108..389L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)91219-9.
^Chibisov, Viatcheslav F.; Chibisov, G. V. Quantum fluctuation and "nonsingular" universe. JETP Letters. 1981, 33: 532–5. Bibcode:1981JETPL..33..532M.
^Mukhanov, Viatcheslav F. The vacuum energy and large scale structure of the universe. Soviet Physics JETP. 1982, 56: 258–65.
^See Guth (1997) for a popular description of the workshop, or The Very Early Universe, ISBN 0-521-31677-4 eds Hawking, Gibbon & Siklos for a more detailed report
^Bardeen, James M.; Steinhardt, Paul J.; Turner, Michael S. Spontaneous creation Of almost scale-free density perturbations in an inflationary universe. Physical Review D. 1983, 28 (4): 679. Bibcode:1983PhRvD..28..679B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.679.
^Komatsu, E.; Smith, K. M.; Dunkley, J.; Bennett, C. L.; Gold, B.; Hinshaw, G.; Jarosik, N.; Larson, D.; Nolta, M. R.; Page, L.; Spergel, D. N.; Halpern, M.; Hill, R. S.; Kogut, A.; Limon, M.; Meyer, S. S.; Odegard, N.; Tucker, G. S.; Weiland, J. L.; Wollack, E.; Wright, E. L. Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. January 2010, 192 (2): 18. Bibcode:2011ApJS..192...18K. arXiv:1001.4538. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/18.
^Spergel, D. N.; et al. First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: determination of cosmological parameters. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2003, 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. doi:10.1086/377226.
^Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 14. Sep 30, 2013, 111. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Rosset, C.; (PLANCK-HFI collaboration). Systematic effects in CMB polarization measurements. Exploring the universe: Contents and structures of the universe (XXXIXth Rencontres de Moriond). 2005.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Choi, Charles. Could the Large Hadron Collider Discover the Particle Underlying Both Mass and Cosmic Inflation?. Scientific American. Jun 29, 2012 [Jun 25, 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-05)."The virtue of so-called Higgs inflation models is that they might explain inflation within the current Standard Model of particle physics, which successfully describes how most known particles and forces behave. Interest in the Higgs is running hot this summer because CERN, the lab in Geneva, Switzerland, that runs the LHC, has said it will announce highly anticipated findings regarding the particle in early July."
^Andrew R. Liddle; David H. Lyth. Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure. Cambridge University Press. 13 April 2000. ISBN 978-0-521-57598-0.
^Brandenberger, Robert H. Challenges for inflationary cosmology. 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology. November 2004. arXiv:astro-ph/0411671.
^Penrose, Roger (2004). The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. London: Vintage Books, p. 755. 見:Penrose, Roger. Difficulties with Inflationary Cosmology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1989, 271: 249–264. Bibcode:1989NYASA.571..249P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50513.x.
^Steinhardt, Paul J. (2011). "The inflation debate: Is the theory at the heart of modern cosmology deeply flawed?" (Scientific American, April; pp. 18-25). See also: Steinhardt, Paul J. and Neil Turok (2007). Endless Universe: Beyond the Big Bang. Doubleday, 2007.
書目
Guth, Alan. The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Perseus. 1997. ISBN 0-201-32840-2.
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