危宿一

危宿一(宝瓶座α)
α Aquarii
Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Aquarius constellation and its surroundings
危宿一在宝瓶座的位置
觀測資料
曆元 J2000.0
星座 宝瓶座
星官 危宿
赤經 22h 05m 47.03593s[1]
赤緯 −00° 19′ 11.4568″[1]
視星等(V) 2.942[2]
特性
光谱分类G2 Ib[3]
U−B 色指数+0.699[2]
B−V 色指数+0.971[2]
R−I 色指数+0.49[4]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)7.5[5] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:+18.25[1] mas/yr
赤纬:−9.39[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)6.23 ± 0.19[1] mas
距离520 ± 20 ly
(161 ± 5 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)–3.882[6]
詳細資料
質量6.5 ± 0.3[3] M
半徑77 ± 15[7] R
表面重力 (log g)1.76 ± 0.04[3]
亮度4400[8] L
溫度5,400 ± 100[3] K
自轉速度 (v sin i)6.7 ± 1.5[9] km/s
年齡53[3] Myr
其他命名
El Melik, Rucbah, Saad el Melik, Sadalmelek, Sadalmelik, Sadlamulk, α Aqr, Alpha Aquarii, Alpha Aqr, 34 Aquarii, 34 Aqr, BD−01 4246, FK5 827, HD 209750, HIP 109074, HR 8414, SAO 145862.[10][4][11][12]
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料

危宿一,即宝瓶座α(α Aqr,α Aquarii)是一颗位于宝瓶座超巨星,距离地球约520光年

特征

危宿一的视星等为2.94,是宝瓶座第二亮的恒星[2],仅次于虚宿一(宝瓶座β)。根据依巴谷卫星对恒星视差的测量,危宿一距离地球大约为520光年(160秒差距)。[1]

危宿一的年龄约为5300万年,已经演变成一颗超巨星,恒星光谱是G2 Ib型。[3] 恒星的质量是太阳质量的6.5倍[3],半径是太阳半径的77倍[7],亮度是太阳亮度的4400倍。[8] 危宿一的表面有效温度约为5400K,这使得它的呈现出G型星特征的黄色色调。[13] 钱德拉X射线天文台对危宿一的观测发现它和G-型主序星相比,辐射出的X射线显著匮乏,这也是早期G型巨星的共同特征。[9] 危宿一和虚宿一(宝瓶座β)、离宫四(飞马座η)三颗中等质量的恒星组成一个恒星群落,它们在星际运动的方向垂直于银河面。[9]

危宿一有一颗伴星CCDM J22058-0019B,可以通过望远镜看到,其视星等约为12.2,距离主星的角距离为110.4角秒,目前的位置角位于主星的40°方位。[11]

命名

危宿一在西方的传统名字为Sadalmelik, 来自于阿拉伯语سعد الملك(sa‘d al-malik), 意思为“帝皇的幸运星”。波斯帖木儿帝国国王天文学家乌鲁伯格将危宿一和蓋屋一(宝瓶座ο)并称为Sadalmelik。此外,危宿一还与阁道三(仙后座δ)共用一个名字Rucbah,在阿拉伯语是“膝盖”的意思。[12] 它是在天球赤道附近(1°之内)两颗拥有古代固有名的恒星之一,但是这两个名字的起源历史已不可考究。[8]

中国古代星官系统中,危宿一属于北方玄武七宿危宿危 (星官)第一星,这也是危宿一名字的来由。[14]“危”意思是屋顶,危星官由三颗恒星组成,另外两颗恒星分别是危宿二(飞马座θ)和危宿三(飞马座ε)。[15]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cousins, A. W. J., Standardization of Broadband Photometry of Equatorial Standards, South African Astronomical Observatory Circulars, 1984, 8: 59, Bibcode:1984SAAOC...8...59C 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Lyubimkov, Leonid S.; et al, Accurate fundamental parameters for A-, F- and G-type Supergiants in the solar neighbourhood, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 2010, 402 (2): 1369–1379, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.1369L, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15979.x 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 HR 8414页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Accessed on line October 3, 2008.
  5. ^ Wielen, R.; et al, Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions (35), Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg, 1999, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W 
  6. ^ Soubiran, C.; et al. Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2008, 480 (1): 91–101. Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Nordgren, Tyler E.; et al, Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, The Astronomical Journal, December 1999, 118 (6): 3032–3038, Bibcode:1999AJ....118.3032N, doi:10.1086/301114 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sadalmelik页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Stars, Jim Kaler. Accessed on line October 3, 2008.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ayres, Thomas R.; Brown, Alexander; Harper, Graham M., Chandra Observations of Coronal Emission from the Early G Supergiants α and β Aquarii, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2005, 627 (1): L53–L56, Bibcode:2005ApJ...627L..53A, doi:10.1086/431977 
  10. ^ NAME SADALMELIK -- Star in double system, database entry, SIMBAD. Accessed on line October 3, 2008.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Entry 22058-0019, The Washington Double Star Catalog页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), United States Naval Observatory. Accessed on line November 18, 2008.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 pp. 51, 148, Star-names and Their Meanings页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Richard Hinckley Allen, New York: G. E. Stechert, 1899.
  13. ^ The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), December 21, 2004 [2012-01-16], (原始内容存档于2012-03-10) 
  14. ^ 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表. [2012-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-18). 
  15. ^ 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.

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