九卿

九卿时期的中央政府九个主要的官职,通常也以此来表示整个朝廷。分别是:奉常汉景帝太常)、郎中令汉武帝时改称光祿勳东汉时复旧)、卫尉太仆廷尉典客大行令、武帝时又改大鸿胪)、宗正治粟内史(汉武帝时改大司农)、少府

魏晋起,九卿职任转轻,政务转由尚书台办理。梁武帝天監七年(508年)改置十二卿[1]

  • 春卿:太常卿、宗正卿、司農卿
  • 夏卿:太府卿、少府卿、太僕卿
  • 秋卿:衛尉卿、廷尉卿、大匠卿
  • 冬卿:光祿卿、鴻臚卿、太舟卿

南朝陳基本沿襲梁制,隋朝恢復九卿制度。隋五代迄于九卿基本上为迁转之官,位秩很高但没有实际职务。唯宗正一职迄而不废。

明朝,以六部尚书都察院都御史大理寺卿通政使为“大九卿”;太常寺卿太仆寺卿光禄寺卿詹事翰林学士鸿胪寺卿国子监祭酒上林苑卿、尚宝司卿为“小九卿”。

清朝,九卿泛指六部尚书之外的独立官署的长官,但没有明确的范围;另称宗人府府丞詹事太常寺太仆寺卿、光禄寺卿、鸿胪寺卿、国子监祭酒顺天府府尹、左右春坊庶子为“小九卿”。《日下旧闻考·官署》:“其同班序产,翰林七品有小九卿六品之上,六品在小九卿五品之上,宫坊五品在大九卿五品之上,讲读学士在大九卿四品之上。”

九卿(寺)之演变

(周官) 前漢 後漢 隋(煬帝) 唐(玄宗) 主要職務
大宗伯 奉常 太常 太常 太常 太常 太常寺卿 太常寺卿 太常寺卿 太常寺卿 太常寺卿 太常寺卿 宗廟、礼式、祭祀。
膳夫 郎中令 光祿勳 光祿勳 光祿勳 光祿勳 光禄寺卿 光禄寺卿 光禄寺卿 光禄寺卿 光禄寺卿 光禄寺卿 宮殿之内務。
  衛尉 衛尉 衛尉 衛尉 衛尉 衛尉寺卿 衛尉寺卿 衛尉寺卿 衛尉寺卿 錦衣衛   宮庭之警衛。
太僕 太僕 太僕 太僕 太僕 太僕 太僕寺卿 太僕寺卿 太僕寺卿 太僕寺卿 太僕寺卿 太僕寺卿 車馬、御行之行列。
大理 廷尉(大理) 廷尉(大理) 廷尉 廷尉 廷尉 大理寺卿 大理寺卿 大理寺卿 大理寺卿 大理寺卿 大理寺卿 刑罰、典獄。
大行人 典客 大鴻臚
典属国
大鴻臚 大鴻臚 大鴻臚 鴻臚寺卿 鴻臚寺卿 鴻臚寺卿 宣政院使 鴻臚寺卿 理藩院尚書 賓客之接待、官方儀式。
小宗伯 宗正 宗正 宗正 宗正 宗正 宗正寺卿 宗正寺卿 宗正寺卿 大宗正 宗人令 宗令 皇族宗亲。
  治粟內史 大司農 大司農 大司農 大司農 司農寺卿 司農寺卿 司農寺卿 大司農 戶部尚書 戶部尚書 貨幣、穀物管理。
宮正
宮伯
内宰
少府 少府 少府卿 少府 少府 太府寺卿 太府寺卿 太府寺卿 太府寺卿 十二監 管理三庫大臣 飲食、器物、院庭園芸。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 《隋書 卷二十六 志第二十一》
九卿九寺
九卿

太常 | 光祿勳 | 卫尉 | 宗正 | 太仆 | 廷尉 | 大鴻臚 | 大司農 | 少府

九寺

太常寺# | 光禄寺# | 衛尉寺 | 宗正寺 | 太仆寺# | 大理寺# | 鸿胪寺# | 司農寺 | 太府寺

注:#者为明清五寺

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