丝孢酵母菌病

丝孢酵母菌病
类型瀰漫型、特定器官型、醫用導管型
病因絲孢酵母屬真菌感染
风险因素免疫缺乏者、血液惡性疾病（英语：Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues）患者
診斷方法血液樣本培養、實驗室檢測
鑑別診斷念珠菌症、曲霉病、隱球菌病
治療伏立康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、两性霉素B
分类和外部资源
醫學專科傳染病學、胸腔醫學
DiseasesDB33307
eMedicine230705
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

丝孢酵母菌病（Trichosporonosis）是擔子菌門絲孢酵母屬真菌所致的侵入性感染。絲孢酵母可在人的毛髮上生長，即白色毛结节菌病，一般不造成其他症狀[1][2]；但少數情況下絲孢酵母可對免疫缺乏的患者造成全身侵入性感染，即為丝孢酵母菌病[3]。此病最早於1970年被發現，且已有研究人員開發動物模型以深入研究此病機理[4]。

丝孢酵母菌病可再細分為全身瀰漫性感染（最為常見）、特定器官感染以及醫用導管感染（丝孢酵母菌在導管上形成生物薄膜[4]）等三種類型，瀰漫型感染接受治療後的死亡率仍然很高[4][5][6]。此病多發生於嗜中性白血球低下的癌症患者，有統計顯示血液惡性疾病（英语：Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues）患者中，丝孢酵母菌病是第二常見（僅次於念珠菌症）的酵母菌感染[4][5]，其他高風險族群還有體重過輕的新生兒（特別是感染HIV病毒的新生兒）、服用類固醇者、曾接受器官移植者與洗腎者等[5][6]。

丝孢酵母菌病的症狀與念珠菌症、曲霉病與隱球菌病等全身性真菌病相似，加上免疫缺乏的患者可能同時被多種真菌、細菌與病毒感染，導致此病的診斷困難，需仰賴血液樣本培養與實驗室檢測。治療此病的第一線藥物為抗真菌藥伏立康唑，其他可用藥物還有伊曲康唑、氟康唑與两性霉素B等[5]。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Bieber, Amy Kalowitz; Pomeranz, Miriam Keltz; Kim, Randie H. White Piedra需要付费订阅. JAMA Dermatology. 2021-03-01, 157 (3): 339. ISSN 2168-6068. PMID 33471028. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4266. 
  2. ^ Kiken DA, Sekaran A, Antaya RJ, Davis A, Imaeda S, Silverberg NB. White piedra in children. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. December 2006, 55 (6): 956–61. PMID 17097391. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.11.1033. 
  3. ^ Marty FM, Barouch DH, Coakley EP, Baden LR. Disseminated trichosporonosis caused by Trichosporon loubieri. J. Clin. Microbiol. November 2003, 41 (11): 5317–20. PMC 262469 可免费查阅. PMID 14605194. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.11.5317-5320.2003. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Colombo, Arnaldo L.; Padovan, Ana Carolina B.; Chaves, Guilherme M. Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2011-10, 24 (4): 682–700. doi:10.1128/cmr.00003-11. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Gabriel Castano; Siva Naga S. Yarrarapu; Pradeep Kumar Mada. Trichosporonosis. StatPearls. 2023 [2024-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-27）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Julapalli, Meena R.; Levy, Moise L. VIRAL AND FUNGAL SKIN INFECTIONS. Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2009: 794–809. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-4044-6.50072-8. 

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