P血型系统

P血型系统（英文：P Antigen System）是人类血型系统的一种，其基因座位于22号染色体上。其抗原以糖脂形式存在，包括P1、P2、Pk1、Pk2以及p五种表型。[1]

发现历程

1927年，奥地利生物学家卡尔·兰德斯泰纳和美国免疫学家菲利普·列文在研究新生儿溶血症期间，从输入人类血液的家兔体内发现一种新抗体。这种抗体可以凝集一部分人的红细胞，而对另一部分人群的红细胞则没有效果。他们将这两种血型分别称为P（+）型和P（-）型。他们同时发现了属于另一种血型系统即MNS血型系统的M、N抗原。[2]后来，人们将P（+）型和P（-）型分别称为P1型和P2型。1959年，Matson发现了同属于此系统的Pk抗原，[3]1965年，Kortekangas又将这一亚型细分为Pk1和Pk2型。[4]

注释

  1. ^ 杜若甫 (2004), 中国人群体遗传学，北京: 科学出版社, p.100-114
  2. ^ Landsteiner K, Levin P. Further observations on individual differences of human blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1927, 24: 941–2. 
  3. ^ MatsonGA, Swanson J, Noades J; et al. A 'new' antigen and antibody belonging to the P blood group system. Am J Hum Genet. 1959, 11: 26–34. 
  4. ^ Kortekangas AE, Kaarsalo E, Melartin L; et al. The red cell antigen Pk and its relationship to the P system: The evidence of three more Pk families. Vox sang. 1965, 10: 385–404. 

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