N元语法

n元语法（英語：n-gram）指文本中连续出现的n个语词。n元语法模型是基于(n-1)阶马尔可夫链的一种概率语言模型，通过n个语词出现的概率来推断语句的结构。[1][2]这一模型被广泛应用于概率论、通信理论、计算语言学（如基于统计的自然语言处理）、计算生物学（如序列分析）、数据压缩等领域。

当n分别为1、2、3时，又分别称为一元语法（unigram）、二元语法（bigram）与三元语法（trigram）。[2]

示例

不同领域中的n元语法示例
领域 单位 示例 一元语法 二元语法 三元语法
马尔可夫链阶数 0 1 2
蛋白质测序 氨基酸 … Cys-Gly-Leu-Ser-Trp … …, Cys, Gly, Leu, Ser, Trp, … …, Cys-Gly, Gly-Leu, Leu-Ser, Ser-Trp, … …, Cys-Gly-Leu, Gly-Leu-Ser, Leu-Ser-Trp, …
DNA测序 碱基对 …AGCTTCGA… …, A, G, C, T, T, C, G, A, … …, AG, GC, CT, TT, TC, CG, GA, … …, AGC, GCT, CTT, TTC, TCG, CGA, …
计算语言学 字符 …to_be_or_not_to_be… …, t, o, _, b, e, _, o, r, _, n, o, t, _, t, o, _, b, e, … …, to, o_, _b, be, e_, _o, or, r_, _n, no, ot, t_, _t, to, o_, _b, be, … …, to_, o_b, _be, be_, e_o, _or, or_, r_n, _no, not, ot_, t_t, _to, to_, o_b, _be, …
计算语言学 单词 … to be or not to be … …, to, be, or, not, to, be, … …, to be, be or, or not, not to, to be, … …, to be or, be or not, or not to, not to be, …

参考文献

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2016-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-25）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 n元語法（資訊與通信術語辭典）. 國家教育研究院. [2016-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-17）. 

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