M53 (球狀星團)

M 53
哈伯太空望遠鏡拍攝的M53,視野 3.5’。
Credit: NASA/STScI/WikiSky
觀測數據(J2000 曆元)
分類V[1]
星座后髮座
赤經13h 12m 55.25s[2]
赤緯+18° 10′ 05.4″[2]
距離58×10^3 ly(18 kpc[3]
視星等 (V)+8.33[4]
視直徑(V)13.0′[5]
物理性質
Mass8.26×105[6] M
金屬量–1.86[7] dex
估計年齡12.67 Gyr[7]
其它名稱M53, NGC 5024, GCl 22, C 1310+184[4]
M53的RGB圖。這是使用一架地基的利物浦望遠鏡,帕拉馬天文台的 2米RC望遠鏡拍攝的。

M53(也稱為NGC 5024)是約翰·埃勒特·巴德於1775年在后髮座 發現的一個球狀星團。M53是比較偏遠的球狀星團之一,距離銀河中心約60,000光年(18.4千秒差距),與太陽系的距離也相似,大約是58,000光年(17.9千秒差距)。這個星團的核心半徑(rc)是 2.18秒差距,半光度半徑(rh)是5.84秒差距,潮汐半徑(rtr)是239.9秒差距[8]

它被認為是一個貧金屬量的星團,一度被認為是銀河金屬量最低的星團[8]。測量顯示星團中大多數的恆星都位在紅巨星分支上,表明大多數恆星都是第一代恆星。也就是,它們不是從前幾代恆星回收的氣體中形成的。這與大多數球狀星團都是第二代恆星主宰的情形不同。NGC 5024的第二代恆星傾向集中在核心區域。總的來說,星團恆星的成員類似銀暈的成員[9]

這個星團顯示出各種潮汐狀的特徵,包括周圍的團團簇和波紋,以及沿著該星團軌道的在東西方向的尾部。一個狀似潮汐橋的結構似乎與鄰近呈現非常瀰漫狀的鄰居NGC 5053連接,並且有氣體殼層籠罩著這兩個集團。這可能表示這兩者之間發生過動態的潮汐交互作用;由於銀河系內沒有已知的聯星團,所以這可能是獨一無二的[10]。此外,M53是人馬座矮星系的潮汐流候選者[8]

在星團中的變星中,已知有55顆是天琴座RR型變星。其中,大多數,34顆,顯示出典型的伯拉茲科效應 ,這包括在球狀星團內已知族群中最大的23顆RRc型[11]。其餘的至少有3顆屬於鳳凰座SX型變星,和1顆屬於半規則紅巨星 [12]

參考資料

  1. ^ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B., A Classification of Globular Clusters, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, August 1927, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Goldsbury, Ryan; et al, The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, December 2010, 140 (6): 1830–1837, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, arXiv:1008.2755可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830. 
  3. ^ Hessels, J. W. T.; et al, A 1.4 GHz Arecibo Survey for Pulsars in Globular Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, November 2007, 670 (1): 363–378, Bibcode:2007ApJ...670..363H, arXiv:0707.1602可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/521780 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 NGC 5024. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心. [16 November 2006]. 
  5. ^ Messier 53, SEDS Messier pages. [2018-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-03). 
  6. ^ Boyles, J.; et al, Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, November 2011, 742 (1): 51, Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...51B, arXiv:1108.4402可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/51. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry, Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, May 2010, 404 (3): 1203–1214, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, arXiv:1001.4289可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Boberg, Owen M.; et al, Chemical Abundances in NGC 5053: A Very Metal-poor and Dynamically Complex Globular Cluster, The Astrophysical Journal, May 2015, 804 (2): 12, Bibcode:2015ApJ...804..109B, arXiv:1504.01791可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/109, 109. 
  9. ^ Boberg, Owen M.; et al, Chemical Abundances in NGC 5024 (M53): A Mostly First Generation Globular Cluster, The Astrophysical Journal, June 2016, 824 (1): 15, Bibcode:2016ApJ...824....5B, doi:10.3847/0004-637X/824/1/5, 5. 
  10. ^ Chun, Sang-Hyun; et al, A Wide-Field Photometric Survey for Extratidal Tails Around Five Metal-Poor Globular Clusters in the Galactic Halo, The Astronomical Journal, February 2010, 139 (2): 606−625, Bibcode:2010AJ....139..606C, arXiv:0912.3540可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/606 
  11. ^ Arellano Ferro, A.; et al, The unusually large population of Blazhko variables in the globular cluster NGC 5024 (M53), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 2012, 420 (2): 1333−1346, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.420.1333A, arXiv:1111.0216可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20119.x. 
  12. ^ Bramich, D. M.; et al, Investigation of variable star candidates in the globular cluster NGC 5024 (M53), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, August 2012, 424 (4): 2722−2732, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424.2722B, arXiv:1205.5112可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21360.x. 

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