Gemini (聊天機器人)

Gemini
開發者Google DeepMind
首次发布2023年3月21日,​21個月前​(2023-03-21
当前版本2024年10月9日,​2個月前​(2024-10-09
操作系统
语言46 [1]种语言
语言列表
英语、日语、韩语、阿拉伯语、印尼语、孟加拉语、保加利亚语、中文(简体 / 繁体)、克罗地亚语、捷克语、丹麦语、荷兰语、爱沙尼亚语、波斯语、芬兰语、法语、德语、古吉拉特语、希腊语、希伯来语、印地语、匈牙利语、意大利语、卡纳达语、拉脱维亚语、立陶宛语、马拉雅拉姆语、马拉地语、挪威语、波兰语、葡萄牙语、罗马尼亚语、俄语、塞尔维亚语、斯洛伐克语、斯洛文尼亚语、西班牙语、斯瓦希里语、瑞典语、泰米尔语、泰卢固语、泰语、土耳其语、乌克兰语、乌尔都语和越南语
类型聊天機器人
许可协议專有
网站gemini.google.com

Gemini(前稱:Bard)是由Google開發的生成式人工智慧聊天機器人。它基于同名的Gemini系列大型语言模型。是應對OpenAI公司開發的ChatGPT聊天機器人的崛起而開發的。其在2023年3月以有限的規模推出,2023年5月擴展到更多個國家。2024年2月8日更名为Gemini。

最初基於LaMDA系列大型語言模型(LLM),後來基于PaLM2(LLM),现基于Gemini系列大型语言模型。

概要

Gemini(旧称:Bard)於2023年2月6日發佈[2],並於2023年3月21日推出,首批開放美國、英國的用戶申請加入等待名單。Bard的第一個版本是使用該公司在2021年發佈的LaMDA大型語言模型開發的。2023年4月10日,改用更強大的PaLM大型語言模型,以增強其運算能力並與ChatGPT競爭。2023年5月10日,PaLM被進一步更新為PaLM2,這次的更新實現了多語言翻譯與增強的邏輯推理能力[3]。2023年5月10日舉行的Google開發者大會「Google I/O 2023」上,宣佈增加對日語和韓語的支援,並取消等待名單,且在更多個國家可用[4]。2023年7月13日,Bard開始支援中文。2023年12月6日,Bard换用Gemini Pro大型语言模型,获得迄今为止对Bard最大的升级。得益于Gemini Pro模型,Bard在文本理解,总结、推理、编码及规划等方面获得了一定程度的加强[5]。2024年2月8日,Bard更名为Gemini;并推出Gemini Advanced服务,让用户可以访问Google目前最先进的大型语言模型Gemini Ultra 1.0[6]

背景

2022年11月,OpenAI推出基於GPT-3大型語言模型的聊天機器人ChatGPT[7][8] 引起了全球關注,成為了一個個爆紅現象。[9] Google高層對ChatGPT的潛在讓Google搜索的威脅感到憂慮,並發出「代碼紅色」警報,並重新指派了幾個團隊來協助公司的人工智能(AI)努力。[10] Google和母公司Alphabet的CEO 桑德爾·皮查伊被廣泛報導發出警報,但後來向《紐約時報》否認了這一點。[11] 在2019年辭去了Alphabet共同CEO職務的,Google的聯合創始人拉里·佩奇謝爾蓋·布林,不同尋常地被召集參加了與公司高層的緊急會議,討論ChatGPT對Google的威脅。[12] 在那一年初,該公司推出了LLM原型LaMDA,但沒有對外公開發布。[13] 在一次全體員工會議上有人詢問LaMDA是否對Google與ChatGPT競爭是一個錯失的機會時,Pichai和Google AI首席傑夫·迪恩表示:「雖然Google(谷歌)具有與ChatGPT類似的能力,但在人工智慧這個領域行動太快將對Google(谷歌)造成重大的「聲譽風險」,因為Google比OpenAI規模更大。」[14][15] 2023年1月,DeepMind的CEO 傑米斯·哈薩比斯 暗示計劃推出一個與ChatGPT競爭的對手,[16]並指示Google(谷歌)的員工加快發展ChatGPT競爭者,密集測試「Apprentice Bard」和其他聊天機器人。[17][18] Pichai在Google的季度盈利投資者電話會議中向投資者保證,公司有計劃擴大LaMDA的可用性和應用。[19]

歷史

公告

2023年2月6日,Google宣布推出由LaMDA驅動的對話式生成人工智能聊天機器人Bard。[20][21][22] 該產品首先向選定的1萬名「信任測試者」推出,[23]並在月底進行廣泛發布。[20][21][22] Bard由產品負責人Jack Krawczyk監督,他將該產品描述為一種「協作人工智能服務」而非搜索引擎[24][25]而Pichai詳細介紹了Bard將如何融入Google搜索。[20][21][22] 根據路透社的估算,如果將ChatGPT等類似的功能添加到Google,到2024年將使公司增加60億美元的額外開支,而研究和咨詢公司 SemiAnalysis則估計這將使Google增加30億美元的開支。[26] 該技術是在代號「Atlas」下開發的,bard以凱爾特語中的說故事者名稱命名,以「反映該算法內部的創意性質」。[27][28] 許多媒體機構和金融分析師將Google描述為「急於行動」,在Microsoft計劃於2月7日揭曉其與OpenAI合作将ChatGPT整合到其Microsoft Bing搜索引擎之前先發布Bard的公告,[29][30]同時將其視為Google正在「追趕」微軟。[31][32][33] The VergeTom Warren彭博社Davey Alba指出,這事件標誌著這兩家大型科技公司將展開一場「搜索之爭」,在他們六年的「休戰」於2021年結束後;[29][34] 衛報Chris Stokel-WalkerRecode的Sara Morrison和投資公司Wedbush Securities的分析師Dan Ives稱此為兩家公司之間的一場人工智能的「軍備競賽」。[35][36][37]

2月8日,Google巴黎舉行直播展示Bard後,Google的股價下跌了8%,相當於市值損失1000億美元,該直播的YouTube影片被設為私有。[38][39][31] 許多觀眾還指出在演示中Bard在對查詢回答時給出關於詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡的不正確信息。[40][41] Google員工批評Pichai對Bard的「倉促」和「搞砸」的宣布,並在公司的內部論壇Memgen上表示抗議,[42]Futurism的Maggie Harrison則稱這次推出是「混亂的」。 Pichai通過表示Google已經「長時間深入地研究人工智能」來捍衛自己的行動,否認Bard的推出是膝反應[43] Alphabet董事長約翰·軒尼詩承認Bard還沒有完全準備就緒,但他對技術的潛力感到興奮。[44]

詹姆斯·韋伯事件發生一週後,Pichai要求員工花兩到四個小時進行Bard的自用測試[45]而Google高管Prabhakar Raghavan鼓勵員工糾正Bard的任何錯誤。[46] 有8萬名員工響應Pichai的號召。[23]在接下來的幾周裡,Google員工在內部訊息中對Bard進行了廣泛的批評,引用了多種安全及道德上的擔憂,並呼籲公司領導層不要推出該服務。為了優先及跟上競爭對手,Google高管決定無論如何推出該產品,覆蓋了由其人工智慧倫理小組進行的不友好風險評估報告。[47] 同月底,Pichai突然解雇了1萬2千名員工,原因是收入增長減緩,剩餘的員工通過分享梗圖和與Bard的幽默交流,徵求Bard對解雇的「意見」。[48] Google員工在3月中旬開始測試一個帶有更大參數的Bard的更高級版本,被稱為「Big Bard」。[49]

推出

2023年3月21日Google開放了Bard的早期訪問,容量有限,只允許美國英國的用戶加入等待名單。與Microsoft在Bing上的做法不同,Bard作為一個獨立的Web應用程序推出,其中包含一個文本框免責聲明,並表示該聊天機器人「可能顯示不準確或冒犯性的內容,不代表Google的觀點」。然後,每個問題會提供三個回答,用戶可以提交對每個答案有用程度的反饋。Google副總裁Sissie Hsiao和Eli Collins將Bard視為對Google搜索的補充,並表示該公司尚未確定如何使該服務盈利。[50][51][52] 獲得早期訪問權限的人包括參加Google的「Pixel Superfans忠誠計劃」的人,包含[53]Google PixelGoogle Nest設備的用戶,以及Google One訂閱者。[54]

Bard是由Google聘請的第三方承包商培訓,包括AppenAccenture的工作人員,據商業內幕彭博社的報導,這些工作人員承受著極大的壓力,過度工作且待遇不公。[55][56] Bard在初次推出後不久,Google對其虛擬助手團隊進行了重組,並將重心轉向了Bard。[57] Google研究員Jacob Devlin在聲稱Bard暗中利用了ChatGPT的數據後辭去了Google的職務;[58]Google否認了這些指控。[59] 3月31,Pichai日透露,公司打算通過基於Google的新型更強大的LLM PaLM而不是LaMDA來「升級」 Bard。[60] 在同一天,Krawczyk宣布Google為Bard添加了「數學及邏輯功能」。[61] 4月,Bard增加了協助編程的功能,推出時與20多種編程語言兼容。[62][63]微軟開始在開發者版Edge瀏覽器的地址欄上運行廣告,鼓勵用戶每次訪問Bard Web應用程序時嘗試Bing。[64]Google正在努力將Bard整合到其ChromeOS操作系統和Pixel設備中。[65][66]

在2023年5月的年度Google I/O主題演講中,Pichai和Hsiao宣布了一系列Bard的更新,包括採用PaLM 2,與其他Google產品和第三方服務整合,擴展到180個國家,支持更多語言以及新功能。[67]擴展推出未包括歐盟的任何國家,可能反映出對通用數據保護條例的遵從擔憂。[68]擁有Google Workspace帳戶的用戶也獲得了訪問權限。[69]6月,Google試圖將Bard推出到歐州,但遭到了愛爾蘭Data Protection Commission的阻擋,後者要求該公司提交一份「數據保護影響評估」。[70]7月,Google在歐州和巴西推出了Bard,增加了幾十種新語言,並引入了多種新的個性化和生產力功能。[71][72]

2024年2月8日,Bard更名为Gemini。[73]同時Google推出Gemini的影像生成功能。Gemini的影像生成功能推出不久後,Gemini卻因為過度政治正確生成了諸如多張有色人種納粹士兵以及有色人種美國開國元勳的圖像。很快Google宣布暫停Gemini生成人像功能。[74][75]

2024年12月11日,Google发布了首個Gemini 2.0系列的人工智能模型,即Gemini 2.0 Flash[76]

服务

Google One AI Premium

2024年2月8日,Google推出了Google One AI Premium,它是一项订阅制付费计划,每月收费19.99美元。项目包括了Gemini Advanced及Google One Premium。[6]

Gemini Advanced是Google One AI Premium订阅计划中的一部分,订阅者可以访问Google推出的大型语言模型Gemini语言模型的最新版。

应用程序

2024年2月8日,Google发布适用于Android系统的Gemini APP。此Android应用程序目前仅支持美国地区及英语,Google计划在未来几周支持更多地区及语言[6]

Android系统用户可在Google Play中下载Google Gemini APP。而iOS则使用Google APP访问Gemini。

反應

Bard在最初發布時收到了褒貶不一的評論。[77] The Verge的詹姆斯·文森特(James Vincent)認為Bard比ChatGPT及Bing更快,但他指出Bard缺乏類似Bing的準確性,既是一種祝福又是一種詛咒。[52]這鼓勵Google在嘗試人工智能時更加大膽。[78] 他的同事大衛·皮爾斯(David Pierce)對Bard無趣且有時不準確的回答感到印象深刻,[79]他補充說,儘管Google宣稱Bard不是搜索引擎,但其用戶界面和搜索引擎相似,這可能會給Google帶來問題。[80] 紐約時報的Cade Metz稱讚Bard比ChatGPT有著「更謹慎」的處理能力,[81]Vox的Shirin Ghaffary稱其回答乾燥而無爭議,這是由於其回答的保守性質。[82] 在與Hsiao、Google高級副總裁詹姆斯·馬尼卡(James Manyika)和Pichai在60 分鐘訪談中,CBS News記者Scott Pelley發現Bard讓人感到「不安」。[83]賓夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院副教授伊桑·莫利克(Ethan Mollick)對Bard的藝術能力感到失望。[84] 紐約時報後來進行了一項測試,測試ChatGPT和Bard處理人類助手任務所需的能力,並得出結論,ChatGPT的表現遠遠優於Bard。[85]評估新聞文章的可信度的工具NewsGuard發現Bard在揭穿已知陰謀論方面比ChatGPT更有技巧。[86]

參見

參考來源

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  33. ^ Roose, Kevin. Bing (Yes, Bing) Just Made Search Interesting Again有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The New York Times. February 8, 2023 [February 8, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  34. ^ Alba, Davey. ChatGPT Reignites the Search Wars Between Google and Microsoft有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Bloomberg News. February 8, 2023 [February 8, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  35. ^ Stokel-Walker, Chris. TechScape: Google and Microsoft are in an AI arms race – who wins could change how we use the internet. The Guardian. February 21, 2023 [March 9, 2023]. ISSN 0261-3077. (原始内容存档于February 21, 2023). 
  36. ^ Morrison, Sara. The exciting new AI transforming search — and maybe everything — explained. Recode. Vox. March 4, 2023 [March 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 4, 2023). 
  37. ^ De Vynck, Gerrit. Investors pummel Google after Microsoft ramps up AI wars有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The Washington Post. February 8, 2023 [February 17, 2023]. ISSN 0190-8286. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  38. ^ Alba, Davey; Patnaik, Subrat. Google suffers $144b wipeout after Bard AI chatbot gives wrong answer有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The Sydney Morning Herald. February 8, 2023 [February 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  39. ^ Miao, Hannah. Alphabet Stock Drops 8% After Google Rollout of AI Search Features需要付费订阅. The Wall Street Journal. February 8, 2022 [February 8, 2023]. ISSN 0099-9660. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  40. ^ Coulter, Martin. Google shares dive 8% after AI chatbot Bard flubs answer in ad有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Reuters. February 8, 2023 [February 8, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  41. ^ Kan, Michael. No, That's Wrong: Google's Bard AI Demo Spouts Incorrect Info. PCMag. February 8, 2023 [February 8, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 8, 2023). 
  42. ^ Elias, Jennifer. Google employees criticize CEO Sundar Pichai for 'rushed, botched' announcement of GPT competitor Bard. CNBC. February 10, 2023 [February 11, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 11, 2023). 
  43. ^ Harrison, Maggie. Chaos Inside Google as Execs Try to Figure Out How to Actually Use AI. Futurism. March 7, 2023 [March 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 7, 2023). 
  44. ^ Elias, Jennifer. Alphabet Chairman John Hennessy explains why Google was hesitant to put out its ChatGPT competitor. CNBC. February 13, 2023 [March 11, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 13, 2023). 
  45. ^ Maxwell, Thomas; Langley, Hugh. Leaked memo shows Google CEO Sundar Pichai is asking staffers for help testing its Bard AI chatbot需要付费订阅. Business Insider. February 15, 2023 [February 17, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 15, 2023). 
  46. ^ Elias, Jennifer. Google asks employees to rewrite Bard's bad responses, says the A.I. 'learns best by example'. CNBC. February 15, 2023 [February 17, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 16, 2023). 
  47. ^ Alba, Davey; Love, Julia. Google's Rush to Win in AI Led to Ethical Lapses, Employees Say有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Bloomberg News. April 19, 2023 [April 24, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 20, 2023). 
  48. ^ Maxwell, Thomas; Langley, Hugh. Leaked messages show Googlers are taking out their frustrations over layoffs on its new Bard AI chatbot有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Business Insider. February 24, 2023 [March 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 24, 2023). 
  49. ^ Langley, Hugh. Google employees are already internally testing a smarter version of its chatbot called 'Big Bard'需要付费订阅. Business Insider. March 13, 2023 [April 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 13, 2023). 
  50. ^ Grant, Nico. Google Releases Bard, Its Competitor in the Race to Create A.I. Chatbots有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The New York Times. March 21, 2023 [March 21, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  51. ^ Liedtke, Michael. Google's artificially intelligent 'Bard' set for next stage有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The Washington Post. March 21, 2023 [March 21, 2023]. ISSN 0190-8286. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  52. ^ 52.0 52.1 Vincent, James. Google opens early access to its ChatGPT rival Bard — here are our first impressions. The Verge. March 21, 2023 [March 21, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  53. ^ Schroeder, Stan. Google is giving early access to its AI assistant to Pixel Superfans. Mashable. March 21, 2023 [March 21, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  54. ^ Li, Abner. Google tapping the Pixel and Nest brands to invite people to Bard. 9to5Google. March 21, 2023 [June 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  55. ^ Maxwell, Thomas. Google contractors say they don't have enough time to verify correct answers from the company's AI chatbot and end up guessing需要付费订阅. Business Insider. April 5, 2023 [July 14, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 4, 2023). 
  56. ^ Alba, Davey. Google's AI Chatbot Is Trained by Humans Who Say They’re Overworked, Underpaid and Frustrated有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Bloomberg News. July 12, 2023 [July 14, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 12, 2023). 
  57. ^ Elias, Jennifer. Google reshuffles virtual assistant unit with focus on Bard A.I. technology. CNBC. March 29, 2023 [April 1, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 30, 2023). 
  58. ^ Victor, Jon; Efrati, Amir. Alphabet's Google and DeepMind Pause Grudges, Join Forces to Chase OpenAI需要付费订阅. The Information. March 29, 2023 [April 1, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 29, 2023). 
  59. ^ Hollister, Sean. Google denies Bard was trained with ChatGPT data. The Verge. March 29, 2023 [April 1, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 30, 2023). 
  60. ^ Vincent, James. Google CEO Sundar Pichai promises Bard AI chatbot upgrades soon: 'We clearly have more capable models'. The Verge. March 31, 2023 [April 1, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 31, 2023). 
  61. ^ Amadeo, Ron. Google Bard gets better at homework with improved math and logic capabilities. Ars Technica. March 31, 2023 [April 1, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 31, 2023). 
  62. ^ Google Bard can now help write software code有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Reuters. April 21, 2023 [April 21, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 21, 2023). 
  63. ^ Korosec, Kirsten. Google's Bard AI chatbot can now generate and debug code. TechCrunch. April 21, 2023 [April 21, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 21, 2023). 
  64. ^ Marcelline, Marco. Microsoft Edge Now Displays Bing Ad on Google Bard Site. PCMag. April 29, 2023 [May 6, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 30, 2023). 
  65. ^ Bradshaw, Kyle. Google working to bring Bard AI chat to ChromeOS. 9to5Google. February 10, 2023 [February 12, 2023]. (原始内容存档于February 11, 2023). 
  66. ^ Bradshaw, Kyle. Google working to bring Bard AI to Pixel phones as a homescreen widget. 9t5oGoogle. May 4, 2023 [May 6, 2023]. (原始内容存档于May 4, 2023). 
  67. ^ Vincent, James. Google drops waitlist for AI chatbot Bard and announces oodles of new features. The Verge. May 10, 2023 [May 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于May 10, 2023). 
  68. ^ Harding, Scharon. Google Bard hits over 180 countries and territories—none are in the EU. Ars Technica. May 12, 2023 [May 15, 2023]. (原始内容存档于May 12, 2023). 
  69. ^ Pandey, Rajesh. Google Bard comes to Workspace account holders. Android Police. May 6, 2023 [June 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于May 6, 2023). 
  70. ^ Goujard, Clothilde. Google forced to postpone Bard chatbot's EU launch over privacy concerns. Politico. June 13, 2023 [June 17, 2023]. (原始内容存档于June 13, 2023). 
  71. ^ McCallum, Shiona. Bard: Google's ChatGPT rival launches in Europe and Brazil. BBC News. July 13, 2023 [July 14, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 13, 2023). 
  72. ^ Schechner, Sam. Google's Bard AI Chatbot Adds More Languages to Take On ChatGPT需要付费订阅. The Wall Street Journal. July 13, 2023 [July 14, 2023]. ISSN 0099-9660. (原始内容存档于July 13, 2023). 
  73. ^ 谷歌将AI聊天机器人Bard更名为Gemini 推出付费版挑战微软和OpenAI. 新浪财经_手机新浪网. 2024-02-08 [2024-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-28) (中文). 
  74. ^ 【 Google Gemini】Gemini AI不懂歷史 Google叫停生成人像圖片. 香港經濟日報HKET. 2024-02-23 [2024-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-29) (中文). 
  75. ^ 受到多項批評 谷歌暫停人工智能成像功能. Yahoo News. 2024-02-26 [2024-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-14) (中文). 
  76. ^ Haddad, CJ. Google releases the first of its Gemini 2.0 AI models. CNBC. 2024-12-11 [2024-12-12]. 
  77. ^ Goodkind, Nicole. Google and Microsoft fight over the future of AI. CNN Business. April 26, 2023 [April 28, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 26, 2023). 
  78. ^ Vincent, James. Google needs to stop throwing good money after Bard. The Verge. May 10, 2023 [June 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于May 10, 2023). 
  79. ^ Pierce, David. Google's Bard chatbot doesn't love me — but it's still pretty weird. The Verge. March 21, 2023 [March 27, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  80. ^ Pierce, David. Google says its Bard chatbot isn't a search engine — so what is it?. The Verge. March 21, 2023 [March 27, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  81. ^ Metz, Cade. What Google Bard Can Do (and What It Can't)有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The New York Times. March 21, 2023 [March 27, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于March 21, 2023). 
  82. ^ Ghaffary, Shirin. Google's new AI chatbot seems boring. Maybe that's the point.. Vox. March 22, 2023 [March 27, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 22, 2023). 
  83. ^ Pelley, Scott. Is artificial intelligence advancing too quickly? What AI leaders at Google say. CBC News. April 16, 2023 [April 24, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 16, 2023). 
  84. ^ Chowdhury, Hasan. Google Bard is already behind in the AI wars with OpenAI and Microsoft有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Business Insider. March 23, 2023 [March 27, 2023]. (原始内容存档于March 23, 2023). 
  85. ^ Chen, Brian X. How ChatGPT and Bard Performed as My Executive Assistants有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. The New York Times. March 29, 2023 [April 24, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于March 29, 2023). 
  86. ^ Alba, Davey. Google's Bard Writes Convincingly About Known Conspiracy Theories有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Bloomberg News. April 4, 2023 [June 10, 2023]. (原始内容存档于April 4, 2023). 

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