GPS III卫星长97英寸,宽70英寸,高134英寸,分别约合2.5米、1.8米和3.4米[1],其搭载的卫星平台是由洛克希德·马丁公司的臭鼬工厂生产线生产的洛克希德 A2100(英语:Lockheed Martin A2100),平台为卫星提供通信、广播等方面的服务,并装配有姿态控制系统、供配电系统、热控系统、测控系统、推进系统与机械系统[59][60]。原Orbit ATK公司(现为诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司创新系统分部)为GPS III提供了推进剂和增压贮箱[61]。此外,每颗GPS III卫星还装配有由诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司航宇系统分部制造的8条JIB可展天线,可用于组成射频天线阵列[62]。卫星的总体结构由导航有效载荷、网络通信元件、载荷承载元件、天线、卫星平台等多部分组成[63][64]。
导航有效载荷
GPS III卫星的导航有效载荷(英語:Navigation Payload Element,缩写:NPE)包含有任务数据单元(英語:Mission Data Unit,缩写:MDU)、载波发射器、原子频率基准(英語:Atomic Frequency Standards,缩写:AFSs)、信号组合器以及信号滤波器等部分。MDU整合了波形发生器的功能,另外还可传送存储在星上的卫星星历、生成导航电文。三台铷原子钟为卫星钟和导航信号提供频率基准。除此之外,星上还为一些新型的或实验性质的频率基准留有第四槽位,如氢-微波激射器(英語:Microwave Amlification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation,缩写:MASER)等。[63][64]
姿态控制系统(英語:Attitude Control System,缩写:ACS)的主要功能是获取卫星的姿态信息,并维持卫星姿态,如L波段天线面板和太阳能电池阵列的指向,以及推进器的喷射方向等。ACS由一系列的传感器和操作元件构成,具体包括太阳传感器、地球传感器、惯性测量单元(英語:Inertial Measurement Unit,缩写:IMU)、反作用轮和磁扭杆等。其中,反作用轮用于精细的姿态控制,而磁扭杆则用于卸载动量[63][64]。
供配电系统和热控系统
供配电系统(英語:Electrical Power Sytem,缩写:EPS)为卫星提供稳定的电力供应,其由太阳能电池阵列、镍氢气(NiH2)电池和功率调节单元组成。热控系统(英語:Thermal Control Sytem,缩写:TCS)则负责将卫星中各部件的温度维持在安全范围之内,其由隔热材料、反射材料、加热器、散热器、热管和热敏电阻组成[63][64]。
测控系统
测控系统全称遥测、跟踪与指挥(英語:Telemetry Tracking and Command,缩写:TT&C)系统,由星载的总线机、上行/下行链路组成。这些单元则用于与远程接口、设备控制单元以及事件探测器等单位进行通信[63][64]。
发射GPS III卫星需有OCX发射与控制系统(英語:Launch and Control System,缩写:LCS)的配合,该部分系统在OCX的部署计划中分属于OCX Block 0,负责卫星的发射、卫星进入早期轨道后的运作和卫星的在轨状态检测等内容[49]。但由于OCX研发的进度缓慢,以及GPS III卫星在测试过程中发现的问题,原定于2014年发射的首颗GPS III卫星的发射时间被一再推迟[9][65]。
GPS现有的运行控制段(英語:Operational Control Segment,缩写:OCS)由卫星控制中心、地面天线和监测站等部分组成[99]。GPS在现代化的过程中,不仅需要增加卫星星座的数量,还需增加新的民用和军用信号、实现点波束增强播送、卫星激光测距、应急运行和抗干扰等一系列新的功能,并且对GPS 的网络安全提出了更高的要求,而原有的OCS无法满足这些的需要[100][101]。因此,美国空军于2010年宣布开始新一代GPS运行控制系统(英語:Operational Control System,缩写:OCX)的建设计划,用于取代原有的OCS[102]。OCX完全遵行了美国国防部制定的信息保证标准,在美国国防部旗下的空间系统中具备最高的网络安全保护水平[58]。
OCX Block 0是OCX的发射与控制系统(英語:Launch and Control System,缩写:LCS),为GPS III卫星的发射及早期轨道(英語:Launch and Early Orbit,缩写:LEO)操作提供服务。同时,OCX Block 0还为OCX Block 1提供了硬件、软件和网络安全方面的基础功能[49]。OCX Block 0并不具有控制GPS III卫星的能力,因此在OCX Block 1投入使用之前,Cops系统将作为应急状态下的管理系统对卫星进行管理[65]。
^GPS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center. 2016-09-08 [2020-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-25) (美国英语). The Global Positioning System reached full Operational Capability (FOC) on July 17, 1995.
^VICE PRESIDENT GORE ANNOUNCES NEW GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM MODERNIZATION INITIATIVE. Clinton Presidential Materials Project White House Virtual Library. 1999-01-25 [2020-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24) (美国英语). Vice President Gore announced today a $400 million new initiative in the President's balanced budget that will modernize the Global Positioning System (GPS) and will add two new civil signals to future GPS satellites, significantly enhancing the service provided to civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide.
^ 64.064.164.264.364.464.564.664.7Marquis, Willard; Shaw, Michael. Design of the GPS III Space Vehicle. Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011) (Portland, OR). 2011-09 [2020-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-17).
^Wilson Brissett. Space Launch Competition. Air Force Magazine. 2017-07-28 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-29) (美国英语). Brett Tobey, ULA' s vice president for engineering, said the company withdrew because it wanted to avoid a 'cost shootout' with SpaceX.
^ 83.083.1Civil Navigation (CNAV) Message. National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. 2017-06-13 [2020-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-24) (美国英语).
^Betz, John W.; Barker, Brian C.; Clark, John E.; Correia, Jeffrey T.; Gillis, James T.; Lazar, Steven; Rehborn, Lt Kaysi A.; Straton, John R. Overview of the GPS M Code Signal. 2000-05 [2020-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16) (英语).
^ 86.086.1GPS.gov: New Civil Signals. National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. 2020-02-10 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-18) (美国英语).
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