7.5厘米LG 40無後座力炮

7.5 cm Leichtgeschütz 40 (LG40)
类型無後座力砲
原产地納粹德國
服役记录
服役期间1941-1945
使用方 納粹德國
参与战争/衝突第二次世界大戰
生产历史
生产商萊茵金屬
生产日期1941-1944
制造数量450
基本规格
重量145公斤 (319.l 磅)
长度0.75米
槍管长度458毫米 L/15.5

炮彈75×130 mm. R (高爆彈)
75×200 mm. R (穿甲彈)
口徑75 毫米(2.95 吋)
后膛水平滑契式砲栓
射击仰角-15至+42度
回旋角度360°(低於20°仰角)
60° (高於20°仰角)
射速每分鐘8發
槍口初速350米/秒
有效射程6,800

7.5厘米LG 40無後座力炮是由德國軍隊在第二次世界大戰期間使用的無後座力炮

背景

萊茵金屬公司為了提供空降部隊可空投的重型武器支援,於1937年開始發展無後座力武器,並擊敗克虜伯公司贏得生產合約。初期生產代號為LG 1,但很快就被改為LG 40以符合當時的「年分」命名系統。

設計問題

德國無後座力炮的共同特點是,使用一般彈殼搭配不同火藥包,來應付後座力所產生的問題。

不過7.5公分LG 40無後座力炮使用的是7.5公分Gebirgsgeschütz 36(山炮)的HE彈殼,和7.5公分Feldkanone 16(新型號野戰砲)的反戰車炮彈彈殼,雖然說無法發揮無後座力武器的彈道特性,但由於現有的產線和庫存的炮彈可以立即上線使用,還是省下了大量的研究時間和精力。

7.5公分LG 40無後座力炮在實戰中有兩個顯著缺點。首先,炮彈發射時所排出的氣體,會在擊發機構中的文氏管裡積垢。如要解決這個問題,必需重新設計整個炮膛,為此得修改整個生產線來重製現有炮身,並不值得。此外還有一個嚴重問題,在炮體射擊了約300發後,炮座會開始局部晃動。依學理分析,炮彈擊發時咬住膛線所產生的反方向扭力,要與炮尾噴嘴的推力抵銷,而一旦噴嘴被砲彈擊發時的燃燒氣體腐蝕,便失去作用。要解決這個問題,可以在炮尾噴嘴裡加焊與炮膛線反向的曲面葉片,如此噴出的尾氣便可產生另一道反方向的扭力,將炮彈施加在膛線上的扭力盡可能抵消,加強炮身穩定性。

使用紀錄

LG40首先出現於克里特島戰役,先由德軍空降炮兵營二連配屬使用,而後廣泛使用於德軍空降部隊(包含納粹空軍納粹黨衛隊)。 黨衛隊500傘兵營空降約瑟普·布羅茲·狄托位於Drvar的總部時,也使用了4門樣砲。 德軍山岳步兵師(Gebirgsjäger) 特別青睞其輕盈的炮身,因此在1942年後期的高加索山區戰役大量使用。

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