Mrs 16重榴彈炮

21公分 Mrs 16
21 cm Mörser 16
位於德累斯頓聯邦國防軍軍事史博物館的Mrs 16
类型榴彈砲
原产地 德意志帝國
服役记录
服役期间1916-1950年
使用方 德意志帝國
 納粹德國
 瑞典
 芬兰
参与战争／衝突第一次世界大戰
第二次世界大戰
生产历史
研发者克虜伯
研发日期1915年
生产商克虜伯
生产日期1916–1918年
基本规格
重量6,680公斤（14,730磅）
槍管长度2.67米（8英尺9英寸） L/14.5
炮彈separate-loading, cased charge
口徑211 mm（8.3英寸）
后膛horizontal sliding-wedge
後座力液壓機械複合式
射击仰角-6° to +70°
回旋角度4°
射速1–2 rpm
槍口初速393 m/s（1,290 ft/s）
最大射程11,100米（12,100 yd）
填充TNT

Mrs 16重榴彈砲 （德語：21 cm Mörser 16），或稱21公分的Mörser16、21公分的LangeMörserM 16 / L14.5，是德國在第一次世界大戰和第二次世界大戰中使用的重型榴彈砲（儘管被德國軍方列為迫擊砲） 。

歷史與服役

它改良自早期的Mrs 10，將砲管原本的倍徑L/12提升至L/14.5(長度2.57m增至2.67m)、增加炮盾和其他改進。
初期它分為兩部分進行運輸，但是德軍在1930年代用橡膠圈鋼輪重建了僅存少量的火炮，以便在牽引帶的下方前輪整體牽引電動機，炮盾通常會拆除。

德國

德軍使用了兩個彈殼，重量為113公斤（249磅）的21厘米Gr 18（爆炸材料）和21厘米的Gr 18 Be {cvt | 121.4 | kg | lb}}和 TNT的11.61公斤（25.6磅）填充物。
Mrs 16參與了第一次世界大戰與第二次世界大戰，一直在第一線德軍中服役。
直到大約1939年後，開始被Mrs 18重榴彈炮取代，逐漸退居二線。除了用於後方訓練，另有裝備於第二戰區中的預備部隊。

瑞典

瑞典在1918年從德國購買了12門該砲，服役至1950年為止。

芬蘭

芬蘭在1939年的冬季戰爭期間，從瑞典手中購置了其中的4門，因芬蘭軍隊缺乏能夠拖曳沉重的Mar 16的牽引車輛，其未能參與作戰。 在1941年爆發的繼續戰爭之前，已經完成整頓。 瑞典人有自己的混凝土穿甲彈，重量為120.75公斤（266.2磅），被芬蘭軍隊稱為210 tkrv 51 / 65-ps R- / 33，芬蘭人發現了這種散彈問題。戰後這些武器被保留起來，並一直保留到1960年代後期，然後被丟棄。

圖鑿

  • Moving into action, Ham, March 1918.
    Moving into action, Ham, March 1918.
  • A 21 cm Mörser carriage being transported.
    A 21 cm Mörser carriage being transported.
  • A 21 cm Mörser barrel being transported.
    A 21 cm Mörser barrel being transported.

服役國家

第一次世界大戰

第二次世界大戰

延伸閱讀

  • Chamberlain, Terry Gander, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of all Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces, 1939–1945. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. 1979. ISBN 0-385-15090-3. 
  • Engelmann, Joachim. German heavy mortars. West Chester, PA: Schiffer. 1991. ISBN 088740-322-0. 
  • Hogg, Ian. Twentieth-century Artillery. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 2000. ISBN 0-7607-1994-2. 
  • Jäger, Herbert. German Artillery of World War One 1st. Marlborough: Crowood Press. 2001. ISBN 1-86126-403-8. 
  • Scheibert, Horst; Engelmann, Joachim. Deutsche Artillerie 1934–1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz [German Artillery 1934–1945 Documentation in Text, Sketches and Pictures Equipment, Structure, Training, Leadership, Deployment]. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke. 1974. OCLC 256799792 （德语）. 

外部連結

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：Mrs 16重榴彈炮

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