雨师

雨师中国神话中掌管降雨的神祇。漢朝時,以畢星為雨師。佛教傳入後,人民多把降雨之事寄託於龍王。钟毓龙所著的神魔小説《上古秘史》中赤松子、馮修、玄冥、屏翳皆擔任雨师之职。

各类名讳

屏翳

山海经中,屏翳在海东,时人谓之雨师[1]。又为云师、雷师、风师。

馮修

河伯冯夷别名,號樹德[2]

玄冥

風俗通義》:「鄭大夫子產禳於玄冥。玄冥,雨師也。」

陳華夫

道教中的雨师

《清微元降大法》:「雨師溥潤真君陳華夫,沖天冠,赤面,大目,美鬚,緑衣,朱履,擲水車。」

《道法会元》:「雷公江赫沖,電母秀文英,風伯方道彰,雨師陳華夫。」

商羊

传说中能降雨的神鸟,《萬曆續道藏·搜神记》中記為雨师。[3]

赤松子

  • 根據劉向列仙傳》記載,赤松子即是雨師。
  • 道教典籍《雲笈七籤·卷三十四·雜修攝部三》載「赤松子者,神農時雨師,能隨風上下,至高辛氏時猶存。」《卷一百八紀傳部·傳六》又載:「赤松子者,神農時雨師。服水玉以教神農,能入火自燒。至昆侖山上,常止西王母石室中。隨風雨上下。炎帝少女追之,亦得仙俱去。至高辛時復為雨師,今之雨師本是焉。」

记载

  • 周禮·大宗伯》:「以楠燎祀司中、司命、風師、雨師。」
  • 楚辭·遠遊》:「左雨師使徑侍兮,右雷公以為衛。」
  • 據《山海經》記載,雨師與風伯曾於遠古協助蚩尤,與黃帝大戰。[4]後來黃帝在旱神女魃的輔助下,制住雨師的雨,最後取得勝利。
  • 《山海經·大荒北經》記載:「北海之渚中,有神,人面鳥身,珥兩青蛇,踐兩赤蛇,名曰禺彊(禺強)。」形象與傳說中的雨師妾國民相當接近,亦即雨師的化身。
  • 郭璞《注》云:「禺強,字玄冥,水神也。」
  • 風俗通義》:「鄭大夫子產禳於玄冥。玄冥,雨師也。」
  • 道教典籍《雲笈七籤·卷十八·三洞經教部·經九》》:「北方之神名曰禺強子,號曰玄冥子昌,北方黑帝北海君也。此皆後神也,天地人神等耳。風伯神名吒君,號曰長育。雨師神名馮修,號曰樹德。」

相關條目

參考文獻

  1. ^ 《山海经广注》:雨师妾在其北。郭曰两师谓屏翳也。
  2. ^ 《云笈七签》:雨師神名馮修,號曰樹德。
  3. ^ 道藏·搜神记》卷一:雨師,商羊是也。商羊神烏,能小,吸則淇渤可枯。
  4. ^ 山海經·大荒北经》:「蚩尤作兵,伐黄帝,请風伯雨師,纵大风雨。」

6.《新刻出像增補搜神記》 雨师像。

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