雅克-1戰鬥機

雅克-1
概况
类型战斗机
制造商雅克设计局
设计者亞力山大·雅克列夫
主要用户 苏联
制造数量8700架 ,全系列超過36000
历史
生产年份1941-1942
起役日期1940年
衍生型Yak-3Yak-9

雅克-1戰鬥機,是蘇聯二戰初期最優秀的戰鬥機,並且後來被改良成雅克-3雅克-9型,成為蘇聯螺旋槳戰鬥機中產量最大的雅克系列的元祖。

歷史

在1939年,蘇聯在參考了西班牙內戰抗日戰爭的經驗後,發覺到需要有優於以前伊-16的新型戰鬥機,要求是有較流線型的外型和可以由鋼管和木材構成機體,並盡可能使用無線電通信設備。

結果由新出道的設計師亞力山大·雅克列夫的設計中標。

蘇德戰爭爆發後,本機成為了蘇聯空軍的中流砥柱,不只是比過時的伊15和伊-16有較佳的戰果,就算是同期的拉格-3戰鬥機米格-3戰鬥機仍有明顯優勢。

但受到德國空軍空襲破壞了眾多飛機廠後,向後方撤退的新廠只能以較差的材料生產飛機,故本機在1942年停產,改為生產其後繼型雅克-3型和雅克-9型戰鬥機。

雅克設計局尚設計出雅克-5型和雅克-7型戰鬥機,但都被當作教練機的雙座機型,產量也較少。

參數和外觀

本機為一液冷發動機的低單翼單發單座螺旋槳戰鬥機,使後三點收放式起落架和三葉螺旋槳,和其改良型不同的地方是使用流線型而非氣泡座艙。

性能:使用一部M-105R液冷V型十二汽缸發動機,功率925千瓦,極速每小時六百公里,升限一萬公尺,航程850公里,初始上升率每分鐘一千二百公尺。

武裝:一門20毫米機炮,一挺12.7毫米機槍,可掛一百公斤炸彈或六枚空用火箭。

尺寸和重量:翼展10公尺,機長8.48公尺,高度2.64公尺,空重2347公斤,最大起飛重量2847公斤。

參見

各國二戰初期的戰鬥機

其他戰時的蘇聯著名作戰飛機

參考書目

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