鋸齒

此条目的主題是物體有像鋸子一様多個突起的邊緣。关于類似結構的幾何形狀，請見「鋸齒形」。
鼬鯊的牙齒邊緣呈鋸齒狀

鋸齒（Serration）是指一個尖銳或是類似齒的物體，側面有一排像鋸子一様，有許多突起的邊緣。鋸齒的切割面和被切割物體有多個接觸點，其接觸面積（英语：contact area）比平滑的切割面要小，因此產生的應力也會比較大，會讓被切割物體上出現數個破口，鋸齒再往復移動，使破口加大，產生切割的效果[1]。

自然界的鋸齒

在自然界裡，有些物種的牙齒的切削邊上會有鋸齒，例如鯊魚齒（英语：shark teeth）。不過有些物種在不用作切削的表面上也有鋸齒。會出現在植物的葉或是其他部位，例如康乃馨花瓣的邊緣即為鋸齒狀。鋸齒狀的葉邊可以減少所承受的風力[2]。

刀刃上的鋸齒

自從中石器時代起，人們就已使用有鋸齒的刀，而史前時代用的是燧石的鋸齒刀[3]。有鋸齒的刃其邊緣不平坦，類似牙齒一樣，鋸上面會有這類的刀刃，有些小刀及剪刀也會有這類刀刃。很多這類的刀是扇形的[4]，其切割面是彎曲的，常見於鋸木鋸以及麵包刀（英语：Bread knife）。

在廚房刀具中，在削皮刀以及起司刀上會有比較細的鋸齒，這類刀具特別適合切切達起司或是溫斯利代爾等質地較硬的起司。麵包刀和水果刀會有較寬的扇形鋸齒刀刃。這類的鋸齒刀刃可以切割較硬或是較韌的表皮或外殼，不會壓碎內部柔軟細緻的麵包或是果肉。

鋸齒可以讓刀刃切削邊和物體的接觸面積減小，增加每一個接觸點的壓力，且每個接觸點和切割物體之間會形成更銳利的角度，因此切割的動作會在物體表面上形成更多的小缺口，隨著切割的進行，缺口越來越大，最終將物體切開[5]。

鋸齒刀刃形成的切口比較粗糙不平整。鋸齒刀刃也無法用針對一般刀具的磨刀石或旋轉磨刀器來磨利，不過可用上面有鑽石或是陶瓷塗層的棒子來磨利。鋸齒刀刃也比一般刀刃要可以維持長期的銳利。鋸齒刀刃可以切的比較快，但一般刀刃的切口會比較整齊。有些人比較喜歡小刀或是緊急救援刀上有鋸齒刀刃[6]，後者比較可以切斷繩索或是安全帶。

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ Alloway, David. Desert Survival Skills. University of Texas Press. 2000: 38. ISBN 978-0-292-70492-3. 
  2. ^ Hemsley, Alan R.; Poole, Imogen. The Evolution of Plant Physiology. 2005: 220. 
  3. ^ Archaeology, Cotswold. Flint Serrated Tool. March 8, 2024 [2024-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-08）. 
  4. ^ Williams Sonoma. [13 January 2023]. 
  5. ^ Alloway, David. Desert Survival Skills. University of Texas Press. 2000: 38. ISBN 978-0-292-70492-3. 
  6. ^ Hertzmann, Peter. Knife Skills Illustrated: A User's Manual. W. W. Norton & Company. 2007: 17. ISBN 978-0-393-06178-9. 

外部連結

查看维基词典中的词条「serrate」「serrated」或「serration」。

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