醒龍屬

醒龙属
化石时期:早侏儸紀,199–196 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科: 畸齒龍科 Heterodontosauridae
属: 醒龙属 Abrictosaurus
Hopson, 1975
模式種
伴侶醒龍
Abrictosaurus consors

(Thulborn, 1974)

醒龍屬(屬名:Abrictosaurus)意為「不眠的蜥蜴」,是畸齒龍科恐龍的一屬,生存於早侏儸紀的南部非洲。醒龍是種小型、二足、草食性雜食性的恐龍,身長接近1.2公尺,重量少於45公斤。

醒龍的化石只有兩個個體,發現於南非開普省賴索托加查斯內克區上艾略特組。上艾略特組的年代被認為是早侏儸紀赫唐階錫內穆階,接近2億到1億9000萬年前[1]。上艾略特組被認為過去是沙丘與季節性的氾濫平原,氣候為半乾旱型,偶爾有豪雨。該地層還發現了以下恐龍:獸腳亞目合踝龍蜥腳形亞目大椎龍、以及其他的畸齒龍科畸齒龍狼鼻龍。當地也發現了大量的陸地動物化石,例如鱷形類犬齒獸類、以及早期哺乳類[2]

敘述

醒龍的化石(編號NHMUK RU B54標本)

醒龍屬於畸齒龍科,畸齒龍科是群小型、早期鳥臀目恐龍,以牠們的異型齒齒列為名。畸齒龍科最著名的特徵是上下頜各有一對大型、類似犬齒的長牙,通常稱為犬齒型牙齒。牠們的頜部前段沒有牙齒,具有堅硬的嘴鞘,可以切斷植被前上頜骨各有三顆牙齒,前兩顆是圓錐狀牙齒,而第三顆即為大型的長牙,下頜的長牙是齒骨的第一顆牙齒。上頜牙齒間有個大牙縫,分開前上頜骨牙齒與上頜骨的頰齒,並可容納下頜長牙。下頜也有類似的牙齒縫隙[2]

醒龍通常被認為是畸齒龍科的基礎物種[1][2]畸齒龍狼鼻龍都具有高齒冠的頰齒,並互相重疊,形成咀嚼用齒列,類似白堊紀鴨嘴龍科的齒列。醒龍的頰齒間隔較寬,齒冠較矮,較類似早期的鳥臀目恐龍。醒龍過去曾被認為缺乏長牙,屬於較原始的特徵[3]。然而,兩個醒龍的標本曾發現了這些犬齒型牙齒。上頜的犬齒型牙齒的長度為10.5公分,而下頜的犬齒型牙齒的長度為17公分。這些犬齒型牙齒僅有前側具有鋸齒狀邊緣,而狼鼻龍與畸齒龍的犬齒型牙齒則是前後都有鋸齒狀邊緣[4][5]。與畸齒龍相比,醒龍的前肢較小、較不強壯。醒龍的第四、第五指的掌骨數量較少[6]

歷史與命名

醒龍屬的頭骨圖

醒龍的兩個標本目前都存放在倫敦大學學院。醒龍的正模標本(編號UCL B54)發現於賴索托,包含一個部分頭顱骨與骨骸。古生物學家Richard Thulborn在1914年首次敘述這個標本,他認為該化石是狼鼻龍的一個新種,並密名為伴侶醒龍(L. consors),consors拉丁語中意為「同伴」或「配偶」。編號UCL B54標本缺乏狼鼻龍所擁有的犬齒型牙齒,但Thulborn認為這代表該個體是個雌性[6]。在Thulborn的首次醒龍研究中,並沒有完全敘述牠們頭顱骨與骨骸。一顆發現於瑞士的牙齒,年代屬於三疊紀最晚期,被歸類於醒龍。但這顆牙齒沒有醒龍、畸齒龍科、或鳥臀目的特徵,因此沒有被廣泛的接受[7]

在1975年,詹姆斯·霍普森(James Hopson)重新敘述了一個發現於南非的破碎畸齒龍科頭顱骨(編號UCL A100),該頭顱骨原本被歸類於狼鼻龍[4]。霍普森指出該標本並不屬於狼鼻龍,而更為類似編號UCL B54標本,霍普森建立了新屬,醒龍(Abrictosaurus),以包含這兩個標本。在古希臘文中,αβρικτος/abriktos意為「不眠的」,而σαυρος/sauros意為「蜥蜴」,因為霍普森並不同意Thulborn所提出的畸齒龍科會在熱季或旱季夏眠假設[5]。儘管霍普森將這兩個標本建立了新屬,Thulborn仍認為狹齒狼鼻龍、塔克畸齒龍、以及伴侶狼鼻龍分別為狼鼻龍的三個種。大部分古生物學家主張這三個種是個別的屬,但牠們之間並沒有精確的古生物學定義[1]

兩性異形

長久以來,畸齒龍科的兩性異形假設主要聚集於醒龍身上。許多現代哺乳類的長牙都為兩性異形的特徵,包括海象亞洲象、這些物種的雄性具有明顯的長牙。編號UCL B54標本缺乏長牙,因此許多人認為該個體是雌性、甚至是其他種的雌性個體[6]。編號UCL A100標本的犬齒型牙齒可能是雄性的特徵,並顯示牠們足以建立個別的種。然而,編號UCL B54標本的短臉部、未癒合的薦椎,顯示牠有可能是個幼年個體。如果屬實,編號UCL B54標本缺乏長牙,可能是個次要性徵(secondary sexual character),而非兩性異形特徵[2]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Norman, D.B., Sues, H.-D., Witmer, L.M., & Coria, R.A. 2004. Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 393-412.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weishampel, D.B. & Witmer, L.M. 1990. Heterodontosauridae. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmolska, H. The Dinosauria (1st edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp.486-497.
  3. ^ Sereno, P.C. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research 2: 234-256.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Thulborn, R.A. 1970. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Hopson, J.A. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Thulborn, R.A. 1974. A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Upper Triassic Red Beds of Lesotho. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London. 55: 151-175.
  7. ^ Irmis, Randall B.; Parker, William G.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; and Liu, Jun. Early ornithischian dinosaurs: the Triassic record. Historical Biology. 2007, 19 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1080/08912960600719988. 

Read other articles:

Peta provinsi di Kamboja Kamboja dibagi menjadi 25 provinsi (ខេត្ត = khet). Provinsi kemudian dibagi menjadi distrik (srok), kemudian dibagi menjadi beberapa kommunion (khum). Daftar provinsi di Kamboja Nama BahasaKamboja Ibu kota ISO Populasi(2019)[1] Banteay Meanchey បន្ទាយមានជ័យ Serei Saophoan KH-1 861.883 Battambang បាត់ដំបង Battambang KH-2 997.169 Kampong Cham កំពង់ចាម Kampong Cham KH-3 899.791 Kampong Chhnang ក�...

 

Spanish swimmer Carlos VentosaPersonal informationFull nameCarlos Ventosa DelmasBornMarch 4, 1971 (1971-03-04) (age 53)Barcelona, Spain Medal record Men's Swimming Representing  Spain World Championships (SC) 1993 Palma 4×100m Medley In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Ventosa and the second or maternal family name is Delmas. Carlos Ventosa Delmas (born March 4, 1971) is a former backstroke swimmer from Spain, who competed at the 1992 Summer Oly...

 

Skyscraper located in Houston Texas For another building formerly known as the Reliant Energy Plaza, see Centerpoint Energy Plaza. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1000 Main – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1000 ...

Lentföhrden Lambang kebesaranLetak Lentföhrden di Segeberg NegaraJermanNegara bagianSchleswig-HolsteinKreisSegeberg Municipal assoc.Kaltenkirchen-LandPemerintahan • MayorKurt Sander (CDU)Luas • Total20,07 km2 (775 sq mi)Ketinggian23 m (75 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total2.454 • Kepadatan1,2/km2 (3,2/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/WMPET (UTC+1/+2)Kode pos24632Kode area telepon04191, 04192Pelat kendaraanSESitus...

 

Bagian dari seri mengenai Sejarah Jerman Topik Lini masa Historiografi Sejarah militer Sejarah ekonomi Sejarah wanita Perubahan wilayah Daftar penguasa Jerman Permulaan sejarah Bangsa Jermanik Periode Migrasi Kerajaan Franka Abad Pertengahan Franka Timur Kerajaan Jerman Kekaisaran Romawi Suci Ostsiedlung Permulaan zaman modern Seksionalisme Abad ke-18 Kerajaan Prusia Unifikasi Konfederasi Rhein Konfederasi JermanZollverein Revolusi Jerman 1848 Konfederasi Jerman Utara Reich JermanKekaisaran J...

 

† Египтопитек Реконструкция внешнего вида египтопитека Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:Четвероно...

United States Supreme Court opinions for the term starting October 3, 2022 to October 1, 2023 The 2022 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2022, and concluded October 1, 2023. The table below illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. Table key Delivered the Court's opinion Joined the Court's opinion Filed a concurrence Joined a concurrence Filed a dissent Joined a dissent Filed a concurrence/dissent Joi...

 

Sculpture by Auguste Rodin Youth Triumphantat Museo SoumayaArtistAuguste RodinYearc.1894 (conceived)MediumBronze with brown and green patina Youth Triumphant is one of the sculptures created by Auguste Rodin as part of the planning for his The Gates of Hell.[1] It was inspired by Jean Dampt's The Grandmother's Kiss, exhibited in 1893. That work shows a young woman resting in the arms of an old woman, with the pair deeply kissing. Versions He also produced variants of the work. George ...

 

韓國-馬來西亞關係 马来西亚 韩国 代表機構马来西亚驻韩国大使馆韩国驻马来西亚大使馆 韩国-马来西亚关系(韩语:대한민국-말레이시아 관계,馬來語:Hubungan Korea Selatan–Malaysia),亦称马来西亚-韩国关系,指韩国与马来西亚两国之间的双边关系。目前两国为“战略伙伴关系”。 历史 韩国与马来亚联合邦于1960年2月23日建交[1]。1962年5月,韩国在马来亚首都吉...

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

Golf tournament1936 PGA ChampionshipTournament informationDatesNovember 16–22, 1936LocationPinehurst, North CarolinaCourse(s)Pinehurst ResortNo. 2 Course[1]Organized byPGA of AmericaTour(s)PGA TourFormatMatch play - 6 roundsStatisticsPar72Field113 players,64 to match play[3]Cut156 (+12), playoffPrize fund$9,200[2]Winner's share$1,000Champion Denny Shutedef. Jimmy Thomson, 3 and 2← 19351937 → Pinehurst class=notpageimage| Location in the Un...

 

Hand game for two players or more For other uses, see Rock paper scissors (disambiguation). Ro Sham Bo redirects here. For the album by The Grays, see Ro Sham Bo (album). Rock paper scissorsGenresHand gamePlayers2 (or more)Setup timeNonePlaying timesecondsChanceNone to some, depending on the skill level of those playing Rock paper scissors (also known by several other names and word orders, see § Names) is an intransitive hand game, usually played between two people, in which each player sim...

الوطنية المصرية لاستكشاف وتنمية البترولالشعارمعلومات عامةالبلد  مصرالتأسيس 2017 (منذ 7 سنوات)النوع شركة مساهمة حكوميةالمقر الرئيسي القاهرة،  مصرموقع الويب nspo/arالمنظومة الاقتصاديةالنشاطات التنقيب عن البترولمناطق الخدمة مصرأهم الشخصياتالمالك القائمة .. جهاز مشروعات �...

 

Sebuah orkestra gamelan dimainkan oleh wiyaga pada pelantikan Paku Alam VIII di Pura Pakualaman. Wiyaga (bahasa Jawa: ꦮꦶꦪꦒ, translit. wiyaga, har. 'penabuh gamelan', diucapkan [wijɔgɔ])[1] merupakan istilah dalam seni karawitan, berarti sekumpulan orang yang mempunyai keahlian khusus menabuh gamelan, terutama dalam megiringi upacara adat dan seni pertunjukan. Wiyaga juga disebut dengan niyaga atau nayaga yang berarti pengrawit atau penabuh.[2&#...

 

Bloomberg TV IndiaDiluncurkan2008PemilikBloomberg L.P.NegaraBahasaInggrisKantor pusatParijat House, Dr. E Moses Road, Worli Naka, Mumbai, IndiaSitus webBtvIn.com Bloomberg TV India (dahulu Bloomberg UTV dan UTVi) adalah saluran televisi berita bisnis 24 jam India yang dimiliki dan dioperasikan oleh Bloomberg L.P..[1] Perusahaan ini didirikan oleh Ronnie Screwvala. Cakupan saluran berita meluas dari berita terbaru bisnis, harga saham, solusi keuangan pribadi dan pendapat ahli tentang i...

Football league seasonCypriot Second DivisionSeason1978–79ChampionsKeravnos Strovolou FC(1st title)PromotedKeravnos Strovolou FCRelegatedIraklis GerolakkouParthenon Zodeia← 1977–78 1979–80 → The 1978–79 Cypriot Second Division was the 24th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Keravnos Strovolou FC won their 1st title.[1] Format Fourteen teams participated in the 1978–79 Cypriot Second Division. All teams played against each other twice, once at their home ...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2015 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) College football game2015 Sports Authority Mountain West Conference Football Championship GameConfe...

 

卢西亚诺波利斯Lucianópolis市镇卢西亚诺波利斯在巴西的位置坐标:22°25′52″S 49°31′21″W / 22.431111111111°S 49.5225°W / -22.431111111111; -49.5225国家巴西州圣保罗州面积 • 总计190.908 平方公里(73.710 平方英里)海拔561 公尺(1,841 英尺)人口(2007) • 總計2,299人 • 密度12人/平方公里(31.2人/平方英里) 卢西亚诺波利斯(葡�...

French regional airline Atlas Atlantique Airlines IATA ICAO Callsign L5 TLB TRIPLE ALPHA Founded1989Ceased operationsOctober 2017HubsNantes Atlantique AirportSecondary hubsChâlons Vatry AirportFleet size6Destinations9HeadquartersLa Chevrolière, FranceKey peopleAndré Besseau (CEO)Websiteatlasatlantiqueairlines.com Atlas Atlantique Airlines, formerly Atlantique Air Assistance, was a French regional airline headquartered in La Chevrolière.[1] The airline's base was at Nantes Atlantiq...

 

Eclipsing binary star system in the constellation Crux CD Crucis A light curve for CD Crucis, adapted from Marchenko et al. (1998)[1] Observation dataEpoch J2000      Equinox J2000 Constellation Crux Right ascension 12h 43m 50.99768s[2] Declination −63° 05′ 14.8029″[2] Apparent magnitude (V) 10.81[3] (10.71 - 10.82[4]) Characteristics Spectral type WN6o + O5V[5] U−B colo...