腔鱷科

腔鳄科
化石时期:白堊紀森諾曼階100–94 Ma
腔鱷的想像圖
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
演化支 真爬行動物 Eureptilia
演化支 卢默龙类 Romeriida
亚纲: 双孔亚纲 Diapsida
演化支 新双弓类 Neodiapsida
演化支 蜥类 Sauria
演化支 主龜龍類 Archelosauria
下纲: 主龍形下綱 Archosauromorpha
演化支 鱷腳類 Crocopoda
演化支 主龍型類 Archosauriformes
演化支 真鱷腳類 Eucrocopoda
演化支 镶嵌踝类 Crurotarsi
演化支 主龍類 Archosauria
演化支 偽鱷類 Pseudosuchia
演化支 鳄类 Suchia
演化支 副鱷形類 Paracrocodylomorpha
演化支 铠鳄类 Loricata
总目: 鱷形超目 Crocodylomorpha
演化支 坚颅类 Solidocrania
演化支 鱷型類 Crocodyliformes
演化支 中真鱷類 Mesoeucrocodylia
演化支 後鱷類 Metasuchia
演化支 新鱷類 Neosuchia
科: 腔鳄科 Stomatosuchidae
Stromer, 1925

见正文

腔鱷科(学名:Stomatosuchidae)是鱷形超目的一科,屬於新鱷類演化支,目前包含兩屬:模式屬腔鱷薄煎餅鱷。化石發現於埃及摩洛哥、以及尼日,生存年代都是白堊紀晚期的森諾曼階

薄煎餅鱷的下頜化石

腔鱷科的特徵是口鼻部扁平而長、下頜呈U字形,因此口鼻部外形類似鴨子[1]。已滅絕的莫拉氏鱷也有類似的扁平口鼻部,莫拉氏鱷生存於中新世,屬於短吻鱷科,跟腔鱷科並非近親,兩者的口鼻部是各別演化的特徵[2][3]。與莫拉氏鱷相比,腔鱷科的口鼻部彎曲程度較小。下頜後段的下頜窩孔(Mandibular fossa)呈圓形。關節後突(Retroarticular process)較直,而莫拉氏鱷、其他已滅絕鱷類的關節後突往背向彎曲[1]

腔鱷的化石只有一個頭顱骨,發現於埃及的拜哈里耶組(Bahariya Formation)。在二次大戰期間,這個化石被存放在慕尼黑博物館,遭到聯軍轟炸而被摧毀[4]。目前只能藉由恩斯特·斯特莫(Ernst Stromer)、法蘭茲·諾普喬(Franz Nopcsa)的研究、圖畫來研究腔鱷[4][5][6]薄煎餅鱷的化石發現於尼日摩洛哥,是目前僅存的腔鱷科化石。

根據目前定義,腔鱷科的範圍是:包含腔鱷,但不包含諾托鱷獅鼻鱷阿拉利坡鱷波羅鱷佩羅鱷尼羅鱷在內的最大演化支[1]埃及鱷曾經被歸類於腔鱷科,但目前被歸類於獨自的埃及鱷科(Aegyptosuchidae)[7]

下属物种

本属包括以下物种:

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sereno, P. C.; and Larsson, H. C. E. Cretaceous crocodyliforms from the Sahara. ZooKeys. 2009, 28 (2009): 1–143. doi:10.3897/zookeys.28.325. 
  2. ^ Langston, W. Mourasuchus Price, Nettosuchus Langston, and the family Nettosuchidae (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Copeia. 1966, 1966 (4): 882–885. doi:10.2307/1441424. 
  3. ^ Aguilera, O. A.; Riff, D.; and Bocquentin-Villanueva, J. A new giant Purussaurus (Crocodyliformes, Alligatoridae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2006, 4: 221–232. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Stromer, E. (1925) "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 7. Stomatosuchus inermis Stromer, ein schwach bezahnter Krokodilier und 8. Ein Skelettrest des Pristiden Onchopristis numidus Huag sp.". Abhandlungen der königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 30: 1–22.
  5. ^ Nopcsa, F. Neue Beobachtungen an Stomatosuchus. Centralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie B. 1926, 1926: 212–215. 
  6. ^ Stromer, E. (1936) "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). VII. Baharije-Kessel und -Stufe mit deren Fauna und Flora. Eine ergänzende Zusammenfassung". Abhandlungen der königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 33: 1–102.
  7. ^ Carroll, R. L. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1988: 1–698. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7. 

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