穿透之箭行动

穿透之箭行动
越南战争的一部分

穿透之箭行动的打击目标
日期1964年8月5日
地点
参战方
 美国  越南民主共和国

穿透之箭行动(英語:Operation Pierce Arrow)是指1964年8月5日,越南战争初期时美国北越的一次轰炸行动。

事件起因为美国海军驱逐舰马多克斯号(DD-731)和特纳 · 乔伊号(DD-951)在北部湾国际水域收集电子情报时与北越军舰发生交火[1],并造成舰体轻微损伤。美国总统就北部湾事件立即作出回应,林登·约翰逊下令于1964年8月5日展开“穿透之箭”行动。[1]

1964年8月12日,“穿透之箭”行动一周后,VFA-146战斗机中队的A-4C攻击机飞越南中国海上的星座号航空母舰。
1964年8月12日,“穿透之箭”行动一周后,VFA-146战斗机中队的A-4C攻击机飞越南中国海上的星座号航空母舰。

这次行动中,分别从提康德罗加号航空母舰(CV-14)和星座号航空母舰(CV-64)出动64架次战机对北越进行攻击,造成下龙、高禄、大叻和福来地区的鱼雷艇基地及荣市的储油库损毁。美国在北越的防空火力中损失了两架飞机,造成飞行员理查德 · 萨瑟中尉(Richard Sather)死亡。[2] 而另一名A-4天鹰战机飞行员中尉埃弗里特 · 阿尔瓦雷斯(Everett Alvarez jr)被俘,他成为越南战争中第一个美国海军战俘。[3]

据飞行员估计,这次空袭摧毁了北越10%的石油储备,同时还摧毁重创了29艘P-4鱼雷艇及炮艇。[4]

这是美国在北越和东南亚空中行动的开端,目的是试图摧毁北越为开展南方游击战所需的基础设施、战争物资和军事力量。 随着“穿透之箭”行动不断扩大,到战争结束时,美国在越战期间的轰炸总和是战争历史上时间最长、最猛烈的一次。 越南战争期间,美国在东南亚投下了766.2万吨炸弹,几乎是美国在二战期间投下的215万吨炸弹的四倍。[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Doubleday, 2007), p. 241.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Interview with Everett Alvarez, 1981. [2019-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-29). 
  3. ^ Michael Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1792-1991 (Jefferson, NC & London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1995), p. 56.
  4. ^ Michael Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1792-1991 (Jefferson, NC & London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1995), pp. 56-57.
  5. ^ Michael Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1792-1991 (Jefferson, NC & London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1995), p. 225.

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