溪生战役

溪生战役
Battle of Khe Sanh
越南战争的一部分

北越軍砲擊溪生附近的臨時飛機跑道
日期1968年1月21日 – 1968年4月8日
地点
16°39′19.6″N 106°43′42.9″E / 16.655444°N 106.728583°E / 16.655444; 106.728583 (Khe Sanh)
越南共和国广治省向化县溪生
结果

雙方皆宣稱勝利[1]

  • 溪生在4月6日由地面部隊解圍[2]
  • 在1968年7月,美軍摧毀了溪生錯綜複雜的陣地並且撤出戰場[3]
  • 在美軍撤退後北越軍獲得溪生的控制權[3][4]
  • 麥克納馬拉防線的結束[5]北越的通訊線進一步的延伸到越南[6]
参战方
 美国
 越南共和国
老挝寮王国
 越南民主共和国
指挥官与领导者
大卫·劳恩兹(野戰指挥)
威廉·威斯特摩兰(战区指挥)
陈贵海越南语Trần Quý Hai(战役指挥)
武元甲(战区指挥)
兵力

總共約45,000人[7]
大約6,000名陸戰隊在溪生戰鬥基地[8]
飛馬行動:約20,000人(第1空騎師和陸戰隊單位)

弧光行動與尼加拉行動:美國空軍

总共约34,000人
溪生包圍戰:約17,200人(304和325師

第九號路線防禦:約16,900人(第320和324師)[9],未达成伏击目的后,约6000人转往溪生战场。
伤亡与损失

在溪生:
美国 274名陸戰隊死亡
2,541人受傷(不包含越南共和國陸軍的遊騎兵、RF/PF、前鋒行動基地3–美國陸軍和寮國皇家陸軍的損失)[10][11]
第一次蘇格蘭行動(1967年11月1日-1968年3月31日)飛馬行動(1968年4月1-14日):
美国 703人陣亡
2,642人受傷
7人失蹤[12]
第二次蘇格蘭行動(1968年4月15日-7月):
美国 485人死亡,2.396人受傷[13]
美國空軍人員的傷亡:
美国 5 ~ 20死亡,受傷人數未知[14]
做最後撤離的越共行動(1968年6月19日-7月5日):
美国 11名陸戰隊死亡,受傷人數未知[15]

越南共和国 越南共和國軍的損失:229人死亡、436人受傷(不包括CIDG地方軍英语South Vietnamese Regional Force義軍英语South Vietnamese Popular Force以及駐越美軍研究觀察團的損失)
CIDG的損失:309人死亡、64人受傷、250被俘[16]

總計(1月21日至7月9日)

10,350多人傷亡
(2,016多人死亡、8,079人受傷、7人失蹤、250多人被俘)[10][17][18]

不明(統計有1,602具遺體,美國官方估計有10,000-15,000人陣亡[19][20][21],但駐越美軍司令部的機密報告估計只有5,550人陣亡[22]

越方數字:2,469陣亡(1968年1月20日到7月20日)[23]

溪生战役越南语trận Khe SanhBattle of Khe Sanh),美军代号为“苏格兰行动”(Operation Scotland)和“飞马行动”(Operation Pegasus),是越南战争中爆发于越南共和国(南越)广治省西北部的一次大规模战役,时间为1968年1月到4月间。在此战役中,两个整师约1万7千人规模的越南人民军部队在重炮迫击炮火箭炮支援下猛烈围攻了由美國第3海軍陸戰遠征軍英语III Marine Expeditionary Force一个整编团和一个临时组编的团共约6千人和小部越南共和国陆军驻守的溪生作戰基地英语Khe Sanh Combat Base

溪生基地位于北纬17度南北越分界线以南约30公里的一处高地,距越南-老挝边境19公里,距老挝境内胡志明小道的最大运输站“车邦”约40公里。越南人民军主要目的希望能占领这个基地,以消除其对北越通往南越运输线的威胁;次要目的在两个师进攻溪山基地的同时,以另两个师在溪山基地补给线9号公路设伏,试图伏击援军,希望取得战术胜利。因此溪山战役成为北越人民军继1965年德浪河谷戰役以来最大的一次以正规军与美军正面交锋。

美军以“不成为又一个奠边府”,通过公众媒体向国内高调宣传溪山战役,并完全依靠大规模空中运输补充战斗人员和补给坚守基地,以及提供优势空中火力支援。同时,不急于从陆上增援溪山,而先以直升机机降部队和地面部队扫荡溪山基地外围的越军;越军伏击部队未能达到伏击援军目的,而与美军机降部队和地面部队正面交战,并分出约6千人支援对溪山的进攻。

激战77天后,越南人民军仍未能攻下溪山基地,虽成功阻截了美军地面增援部队达2个半月,却未能达成伏击援军取得战术胜利的目的,相反付出大量伤亡;越军在美军增援部队打通地面交通线前主动退出战斗,改回以游击战小规模频繁袭击溪山基地补给线。至7月,美军认为已达到不成为另一个奠边府的目的;且自4月以来,为维持溪山基地补给线与越军游击部队频繁交火,伤亡不断;最终不顾坚守溪山基地的海军陆战远征军官兵反对,也主动放弃了基地。美军撤退中摧毁了基地,留下废弃的高地被越南人民军占领。

媒體

電影

电子游戏

参考资料

  1. ^ Peter Brush, THE BATTLE OF KHE SANH, 1968 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2005-12-17.
  2. ^ 100 Battles, Decisive Battles that Shaped the World, Dougherty, Martin, J., Parragon, p.236
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 http://www.historynet.com/the-withdrawal-from-khe-sanh.htm页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) The Withdrawal from Khe Sanh
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2011-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-26). 
  5. ^ The McNamara Line. [2013-09-05]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-08). 
  6. ^ Khe Sanh 1967-68: Marines battle for Vietnam's vital hilltop base, By Gordon Rottman - page 90 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-05-12.
  7. ^ LIFE Magazine - Feb 9th, 1968 - page 26. [2013-09-05]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-12). 
  8. ^ The Withdrawal from Khe Sanh "HistoryNet – From the World's Largest History Magazine Publisher. [2009-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-15). 
  9. ^ Gordan L Rottman, Osprey Campaign 150: The Khe Sanh 1967–68, p. 51
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Gordan L Rottman, Osprey Campaign 150: The Khe Sanh 1967–68, p. 91-92
  11. ^ Khe Sanh 1967-68: Marines battle for Vietnam's vital hilltop base, By Gordon Rottman - page 91, page 92 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-05-12.
  12. ^ Khe Sanh 1967-68: Marines battle for Vietnam's vital hilltop base, By Gordon Rottman - page 91, page 92 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-05-12.
  13. ^ Recounting the Casualties at Khe Sanh ©2006 Peter Brush 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2013-01-31.
  14. ^ Recounting the Casualties at Khe Sanh ©2006 Peter Brush 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2013-01-31.
  15. ^ 1968: The Definitive Year
  16. ^ John A. Cash, John Albright & Allan W. Sandstrum (1985). Seven Firefights in Vietnam. Washington D.C: The Center of Military History, p.137
  17. ^ The low figure often cited for U.S. casualties (205 killed in action, 443 wounded, 2 missing) does not take into account U.S. Army or Air Force casualties or those incurred during Operation Pegasus. Prados and Stubbe, p. 454.
  18. ^ Not including ARVN Ranger, RF/PF, Forward Operation Base 3 – US Army, Royal Laotian Army and SOG commandos losses
  19. ^ Schulimson, p. 283.
  20. ^ Shore, p. 131.
  21. ^ Smedberg, Marco. Vietnamkrigen: 1880–1980. Historiska Media. 2008. ISBN 91-85507-88-1. 
  22. ^ 存档副本. [2013-09-08]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-16). 
  23. ^ 存档副本. [2013-09-08]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-16). 
  24. ^ 存档副本. [2013-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-11). 

未发表的美国政府档案

  • U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Command History 1965, Annex N. Saigon, 1966.
  • U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Command History 1966, Annex M. Saigon, 1967.

已发表的美国政府档案

  • Military History Institute of Vietnam: Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954-1975. Trans. by Merle Pribbenow. Lawrence KS: University of Kansas Press, 2002.
  • Nalty, Bernard C. Air Power and the Fight for Khe Sanh. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1986. LCC DS557.8.K5 N34 1986
  • Schulimson, Jack, LtCol. Leonard Blasiol, Charles R. Smith, and Capt. David A. Dawson. U.S. Marines in Vietnam: 1968, the Defining Year. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, United States Marine Corps, 1997. ISBN 0-16-049125-8
  • Shore, Capt. Moyars S., III. The Battle for Khe Sanh. Washington, D.C.: Historical Branch, U.S. Marine Corps, 1969. LCC DS557.A62 K58
  • Telfer, Maj. Gary L., LtCol. Lane Rogers, and V. Keith Fleming. U.S. Marines in Vietnam: 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, United States Marine Corps, 1984. LCC DS558.4 .U55 1977
  • Van Staaveren, Jacob. Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1961-1968. Washington, D.C.: Center of Air Force History, 1993. LCC DS558.8 .V36 1993

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