碳化铍

碳化铍
IUPAC名
Beryllium carbide
识别
CAS号 506-66-1  checkY
PubChem 68173
ChemSpider 61480
SMILES
 
  • [Be][C][Be]
EINECS 208-050-7
性质
化学式 CBe2
摩尔质量 30.04 g·mol−1
外观 黄色晶体
密度 1.90 g cm-3(15 °C)
熔点 2100 °C(2373 K)(分解)
结构
晶体结构 反萤石型 (立方),cF12
空间群 Fm3m, No. 225
晶格常数 a = 434.2pm
配位几何 四面体 (Be2+);八面体 (C4–)
相关物质
相关化学品 二氧化碳

二硒化碳
二硫化碳

若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

碳化铍(化学式:Be2C)是一种金属碳化物。与金刚石类似,它是一种硬度很大的化合物。[1] 它的硬度与金刚砂相当,可以在高压下进行加工,制成耐磨材料。这是一种透明的晶体,由于体系中的痕量碳难以除去,它的颜色可由琥珀色变化到深棕色。[2]

结构

碳化铍为反萤石型晶体结构,形式上是甲烷的简单取代衍生物。因为C4-离子堆积形成的空隙很小,所以实际上只有半径很小的Be2+能形成M2C型碳化物,同族的其他元素镁、钙等由于Mg2+和Ca2+的半径较大,只能形成MC2型乙炔衍生物。[2]

制备

碳化铍可以由金属单质在超过900°C的高温下共热来制备,也可以在超过1500°C的条件下用碳还原氧化铍来得到它:

该反应的温度控制非常重要,温度太低不能反应,太高的话碳化铍会分解成石墨和金属铍[3]

性质

碳化铍在水中非常缓慢地水解:

正因为这样,用碳化铍作高温材料时必须涂上金属或含的釉,以免与大气中的水蒸气作用。[2]

分解速率在无机酸存在下加快,因为氧化铍溶解促进了反应向正方向进行:

然而,在热的浓碱中反应非常迅速,产生碱金属的铍酸盐甲烷

碳化铍与卤素反应生成卤化铍和碳[4]

其他碳化铍

铍粉与干燥的乙炔在450°C下反应可以生成BeC2[2]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ American Elements website页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 张青莲. 《无机化学丛书》第二卷:铍、碱土金属、硼、铝、镓分族. 北京: 科学出版社. 1991年11月: P47–48. ISBN 7-03-002238-6. 
  3. ^ 张青莲. 《无机化学丛书》第三卷:碳、硅、锗分族. 北京: 科学出版社. 1991年11月: P28. ISBN 7-03-002238-6. 
  4. ^ C. L. Parsons: "The Chemistry and Literature of Beryllium", Chemical Publishing (1909), p. 26. Volltext

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