热力发电厂

俯瞰位于天津郊区的发电厂

热力發電廠(英語:thermal power station 或 thermal power plant),简称热电厂,是由蒸汽作原动力的發電廠。水被加热,转变为蒸汽,推动蒸汽轮机运转,带动发电机工作,同时也做一些其他工作(如船舶推进)。当蒸汽通过轮机时,它被冷凝器冷凝,被加热它的场所回收,称为郎肯循环

核电站和大部分火力发电厂(即燃烧化石燃料的发电厂)都是热电厂,全球大部分的电力都是来自这两种电厂。另外地热生物质能以及小部分太阳能发电站也是热电厂。

热电厂結構

燃煤火力發電廠示意圖

環境影響

火力

  1. 消耗氧氣,排放二氧化碳
  2. 增加落塵的機率
  3. 燃料中含,增加產生酸雨的機率

核能

  1. 會產生放射性物質(核廢料)
  2. 大量的廢熱會造成熱汙染

地熱

  1. 灌入的高壓水可能導致地震
  2. 可能會使地層中的天然氣洩漏,並汙染地下水層

不過,火力發電廠可透過大型的減排設備,將污染減至最低,以及進行碳收集及儲存

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