灰鲸科
灰鲸科 (學名 :Eschrichtiidae )是须鲸小目 下的一科 ,仅包含灰鲸 (Eschrichtius robustus )一个现存物种 ,此外还包括三个化石属,即分别生存于意大利 中新世 和上新世 的始灰鲸属 (Archaeschrichtius )及拟灰鲸属 (Eschrichtioides )[ 1] ,还有生存于上新世北卡罗来纳 的格雷斯鲸属 (Gricetoides )。[ 2] 本科及其模式属的学名是为了纪念丹麦 动物学家丹尼尔·埃施里赫特 (丹麦文 :Daniel Frederik Eschricht)。[ 3]
分类简史
18世纪,一些学者[ 4] 将灰鲸描述为露脊鲸属 的一种,学名为 Balaena gibbosa ,本种被描述为"背脊上拥有六个突起的鲸",这显然是基于 1725 年达德利[ 5] 的笔记:[ 6]
这种“瘦鲸”是脊鳍鲸 的近亲,但背上无鳍,其崎岖的背脊共有六个突起,是一种能提供近乎丰富油脂的鲸种,其骨白色,但不分裂。[ 7]
Lilljeborg 1861 基于发现于的波罗的海 的半化石样本,第一次将灰鲸描述为一个独立物种,这个样本显然是来自于一个已灭绝的北大西洋种群。然而,Lilljeborg 将它归类于须鲸属 ,学名为 Balaenoptera robusta [ 8] 。直到 1864 年约翰·爱德华·格雷 发现其肋骨和肩胛骨样本不同于任何已知的须鲸,因此建立了一个新属, 即灰鲸属 (Eschrichtius )[ 9] 。
参考文献
脚注
来源
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