泌乳停經法

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泌乳停經法
在喝奶的嬰兒
背景
生育控制種類行為
初次使用日期史前;
生態方式 1971
Failure比率 (產後前六個月)
完美使用<2%
一般使用?
用法
持續期間最多到六個月（有些例子較長，但失敗率也較高）
可逆性是
注意事項?
醫師診斷無
優點及缺點
是否可以防止性傳播疾病無
週期無
好處不需其他藥物或門診追蹤

泌乳停經法(Lactational amenorrhea、lactational amenorrhea method (LAM))[1]也稱為母乳餵養期不孕法，是指在產婦生產後，若完全母乳餵養嬰兒，會有一段閉經的期間，也是一種避孕的方式。在沒有配合其他避孕方式（像保險套、殺精劑、激素避孕藥（英语：Hormonal contraception）或是子宮環等）的情形下，母乳餵養期不孕法是天主教認可的自然家庭計劃（英语：natural family planning）方式。

適合條件

若婦女符合以下的條件，母乳餵養期不孕法在產後前六個月的成功率超過98%[2]

  • 母乳需是嬰兒唯一（或幾乎唯一）的營養來源，若餵配方奶、先將母奶擠出後再餵嬰兒[3]或是讓嬰兒餵食固體食物都會降低母乳餵養期不孕法的效果。
  • 白天需至少四小時內餵食一次，晚上至少六小時餵食一次。
  • 嬰兒需小於六個月。
  • 婦女在產後56天內需沒有月經（當判斷是否有懷孕時，產後56天內的出血可以忽略不计）。

月經的恢復

產後月經恢復的時間因人而異，但哺乳量和避孕效果有強烈的正相關，而依嬰兒的需要哺乳又比依計劃哺乳可以大幅延長避孕的期間，而只餵食母乳也比提供母乳及其他食物給嬰兒的效果要好。

雖然產後的第一次月經週期多半不會排卵（英语：Anovulation）（減少在產後護理期間再度懷孕的可能性），但之後的月經週期幾乎都會排卵，因此有可能受孕。不過有些婦女即使已恢復排卵，哺乳時間還會可能影響受孕能力，常見的原因是黃體期過短，不足以維持妊娠。

參考資料

  1. ^ 溫景霖，哺乳期的避孕方式 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），文章原出處：ABM Clinical Protocol #13 Final version 2-01-05. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
  2. ^ Trussell, James. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. May 2011, 83 (5): 397–404. PMC 3638209 可免费查阅. PMID 21477680. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021. Trussell, James. Contraceptive efficacy. Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard Jr.; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.) (编). Contraceptive technology 20th revised. New York: Ardent Media. November 2011: 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. 
  3. ^ Zinaman M, Hughes V, Queenan J, Labbok M, Albertson B. Acute prolactin and oxytocin responses and milk yield to infant suckling and artificial methods of expression in lactating women.. Pediatrics. 1992, 89 (3): 437–40. PMID 1741218. 

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