依托孕烯植入器

依託孕烯植入式避孕器
Implanon
背景
生育控制種類荷爾蒙
只含黃體素的植入器
初次使用日期1998  印度尼西亞
Failure比率 (第一年)
完美使用0.05%
一般使用0.05%
用法
持續期間3 to 5 years[1][2]
可逆性是
注意事項植入3-5年後需移除[3]
優點及缺點
是否可以防止性傳播疾病不
是否影響體重可能使體重增加
月經可能造成月經不規律或停經
月經一點痛。有33%會停經。
好處長期避孕

依托孕烯植入器是一种會释放依託孕烯（Etonogestrel），用於女性避孕的根棒状装置[4]。它是最有效的避孕方式之一，一年失败率约为 0.05%[5]。療效至少可持续三到四年，一些数据显示長達五年[3] [6] [7]。此装置植入於皮下。 移除后生育能力很快就能恢复[4]。

常见副作用為月经变化，包括不规律出血，有约三分之一的女性出現停经[4] [8] [9]。肝病患者不建议服用[9]。依託孕烯植入劑是一种長效可逆避孕藥（英语：Long-acting reversible contraceptives）[5]。作用原理是抑制排卵、使宫颈口周围的粘液变稠，並改变子宫内膜的情況[10]。

依託孕烯植入劑分別于1998年及2006年，在印尼及美國取得医疗使用可[8] [11]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物清单[12]。它有學名药流通於市[13]。依託孕烯植入劑已在 90 多个国家取得使用許可，至2010年止，全球约有300万女性使用它[10] [11]。

另见

参考文獻

  1. ^ Hamilton RJ. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2016: 392 [2021-02-18]. ISBN 9781284095289. （原始内容存档于2022-06-10）. 
  2. ^ Melville C. Sexual and Reproductive Health at a Glance. John Wiley & Sons. 2015: 21 [2021-02-18]. ISBN 9781118460757. （原始内容存档于2022-06-10）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Lotke, Pamela S. Contraception, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 634 [2019-08-12]. ISBN 9780323402590. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28） （英语）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015: 332–36. ISBN 9789241209946. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;994. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Wipf, Joyce. Women's Health, An Issue of Medical Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015: 507–509. ISBN 9780323376082. （原始内容存档于2017-09-24）. 
  6. ^ Hatcher, Robert Anthony. Contraceptive technology. Hatcher, Robert A. (Robert Anthony), 1937- 21st. New York, NY. September 2018: Chapter 4, specifically pages 129–134. ISBN 978-1732055605. OCLC 1048947218. 
  7. ^ Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices - ACOG. www.acog.org. [20 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于28 August 2021）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management 2. Humana Press. 2015: 140. ISBN 9783319201856. （原始内容存档于2017-09-24）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Implanon - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses. www.drugs.com. [1 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于1 January 2017）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Pattman, Richard; Sankar, Nathan; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley. Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health. OUP Oxford. 2010: 368. ISBN 9780199571666. （原始内容存档于2017-09-24）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Senanayake, Pramilla; Potts, Malcolm. Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition 2. CRC Press. 2008: 53. ISBN 9780203347324. （原始内容存档于2017-09-24）. 
  12. ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 
  13. ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 791. ISBN 9780857113382. 

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