次氯酸钙

次氯酸钙
英文名 Calcium hypochlorite
识别
CAS号 7778-54-3  checkY
PubChem 24504
ChemSpider 22912
SMILES
 
  • [Ca+2].[O-].Cl.[O-].Cl
InChI
 
  • 1S/Ca.2ClO/c;2*1-2/q+2;2*-1
InChIKey ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYAV
UN编号 1748
EINECS 231-908-7
RTECS NH3485000
性质
化学式 Ca(ClO)2
摩尔质量 142.983[1] g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色微黄固体
有强烈氯气气味
密度 2.350 g/cm3[1]
熔点 100 °C 分解
溶解性 21 g/100 ml (25 °C)
溶解性 和酒精反应
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

次氯酸钙次氯酸盐化学式Ca(ClO)2,是漂白粉的主要成分之一,有杀菌性及氧化性。与其性质类似的还有氯气次氯酸钠,但是它们都不如次氯酸钙的稳定性高。

漂白粉的组分包含次氯酸钙与氯化钙氢氧化钙,真正的分子式可以写为Ca(ClO)2·CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·2H2O,[2]是一种不易吸水的干粉。

制备

次氯酸钙的制备方法有:

  • 氯气通入氢氧化钙溶液中。高浓度时可结晶出Ca(ClO)2·2CaCl2,大量应用于漂白纸张:
2 Ca(OH)2 + 2 Cl2 → Ca(ClO)2 + CaCl2 + 2 H2O
  • 或氯气通入氢氧化钙与氢氧化钠混合溶液中:
Ca(OH)2 + 2 Cl2 + 2 NaOH → Ca(ClO)2 + 2 H2O + 2 NaCl

性质

次氯酸钙在水中的溶解度不大。它的稳定性与含水量成反比,分解反应强烈放热,产物是氯化钙一氧化二氯。次氯酸钙与二氧化碳反应生成碳酸钙,放出氯气

2Ca(ClO)2 + 2CO2 → 2CaCO3 + 2Cl2 + O2

盐酸反应生成氯化钙

Ca(ClO)2 + 4 HCl → CaCl2 + 2 H2O + 2 Cl2

次氯酸钙水解离子方程式:ClO-+H2O→HClO+OH-(可逆)

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition. 2016-06-24: 4–54. ISBN 1-4987-5428-7 (英语). 
  2. ^ 《无机化学丛书》第二卷,铍、碱土金属、硼铝镓分族。北京:科学出版社,1984年。

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