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Window Cliffs State Natural Area
Window Cliffs State Natural Area
	Window Cliffs
Location	Putnam County, Tennessee, U.S.
Nearest city	Cookeville, Tennessee
Coordinates	36°03′46″N 85°36′28″W / 36.06278°N 85.60778°W
Area	275 acres (111 ha)
Designated	2014
Administrator	Burgess Falls State Park
Website	Window Cliffs State Natural Area

The Window Cliffs State Natural Area covers 275 acres (111 ha) in Putnam County, Tennessee, near Cookeville.^[2] The Window Cliffs is the name of a prominent group of natural bridges in a narrow 200-foot-tall (61 m) ridge in the neck of a meander of Cane Creek. The day-use area is only accessible by hiking a 2.7 miles (4.3 km) trail. The Window Cliffs was an acclaimed destination in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The area contains several state-listed endangered plants.

It is the newest addition to Tennessee's 85 State Natural Areas.

Geology

Most of the visible rocks in area belong to the Fort Payne Formation formed in the Mississippian period.

It is highly resistant to erosion, and acts as a caprock to hold up the escarpment between the Rim and the Central Basin to the northwest. Of the units described here, the Fort Payne is by far the most resistant to erosion and generally forms the steep valley walls along the incised streams

crops out along the margins of the Rim, particularly on the walls of incised Valleys. With a thickness of 50 to 75 m (164 to 246 ft)

It consists of silicastone, with smaller amounts of calcareous siltstone and argillaceous limestone bands and nodules of dense chert.

Below is Chattanooga Shale is a carbonaceous, fissile shale about 8 m (26 ft) thick and crops out in settings similar to the Leipers–Catheys.

Bottom is The Leipers Limestone Leipers–Catheys Catheys Formation unit contains coarse-grained, fine-grained, and argillaceous limestone and has a maximum exposed thickness of 45 m (148 ft). In the incised stream valleys, this unit crops out at the base of the slopes and on the valley floor.

Biology

The Window Cliffs' flora was inventoried by Tennessee Tech in cooperation with Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) in 2016.^[3]

The best quality forest communities in the natural area consist of oak and hickory uplands with American beech and eastern hemlock in the coves.^[2]

The cliffs are one of only two known locations in Tennessee of the state-endangered species plains muhly. It is a native grass that grows in clumps. It is commonly found on the shortgrass prairie habitat in the western plains of central Canada and the central United States.^[4]

White cedar occurs at the base of the cliff. While rare in Tennessee, it occurs most often in eastern Canada and the northeastern U.S.

Vestige of cooler and drier climate during the last ice age.^[5]

Access

Access to the Window Cliffs is by trail. The trailhead and parking area is located at the end of Old Cane Creek Road. The address is 8400 Old Cane Creek Road Baxter, Tennessee 36°03′10″N 85°37′13″W / 36.052833°N 85.620315°W / 36.052833; -85.620315 (Parking)^[6] The trail from the trailhead to the Window Cliffs is 2.7 miles (4.3 km) each way. The trail fords Cane Creek ten times. Crossing is difficult or impossible during high water.^[2]

History

In the early 19th century, the French Naturalist, Charles Alexandre Lesueur, visited the area and named it "Cane Creek Bluff."^[2] His sketch of the feature is displayed in the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle du Havre in Le Havre, France. It was a large enough community to have a post office in the late 19th century.^[7]

It was featured in the story "Jack and the Mountain Pink" by Katherine Sherwood Bonner McDowell in Harper's Weekly, Jan. 29, 1881, 75-77

Travel Book^[8]

The Land Trust for Tennessee purchased this natural area from different private landowners in 2013, 2014 and 2015.^[9] The Land Trust then transferred the land the state of Tennessee. The site is managed by Burgess Falls State Natural Area/State Park. It officially opened to the public April 7, 2017.^[6]

References

^ Dunigan, Tom. "Window Cliff 21x30". Tennessee landforms. Retrieved May 6, 2017. 36.062700,-85.607900.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Window Cliffs Class II Natural Scientific State Natural Area". Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Kington, Sharon; Krosnick, Shawn Elizabeth (August 1, 2016). Flora of Window Cliffs State Natural Area. Botany 2016. Savannah, Georgia: Botanical Society of America. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
^ Fryer, Janet L. (2009). "Muhlenbergia cuspidata". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Forest Service.
^ Delcourt, Hazel R. (June 12, 1979). "Late Quaternary Vegetation History of the Eastern Highland Rim and Adjacent Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee". Ecological Monographs. 49 (3). Ecological Society of America (published September 1979): 255–280. doi:10.2307/1942485. JSTOR 1942485.
^ ^a ^b Butters, Bob (April 23, 2017). "Window Cliffs opens as Tennessee's newest state natural area". Nooga.com. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
^ "IMAGES From Nostalgiaville Putnam County, TN". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Opened November 27, 1876 Closed May 5, 1890.
^ Phillips, Harold W. (1923). Travel Book. International transportation association. p. 723. LCCN 15005327. Eighty miles east of Nashville in the mountains is a pleasure and health resort known as Bloomington Springs. 'Cummins Falls' and 'Window Cliffs' are nearby attractive spots.
^ "TDEC Opens Window Cliffs State Natural Area to the Public" (PDF). The Land Trust for Tennessee. April 11, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2017.