棕颈鹰

棕頸鷹
摄于斐濟瓦努阿岛萨武萨武
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鹰形目 Accipitriformes
科: 鹰科 Accipitridae
属: 鷹屬 Accipiter
种:
棕頸鷹 A. rufitorques
二名法
Accipiter rufitorques
(Peale英语Titian Peale, 1848)

棕颈鹰Accipiter rufitorques),又名斐济鹰鹰科中的一种猛禽,曾一度被认为与澳大利亚新喀里多尼亚褐鹰同种。 但棕颈鹰是斐济特有种,生活于维提岛瓦努阿岛塔韦乌尼岛坎达武岛恩高岛奥瓦劳岛上。[2]其栖息范围很大,从雨林,椰子种植园到城市公园的树上都可见。[3]

棕颈鹰身长30-40厘米,在鹰属中算是中等身型。其是两性异形的鸟类,雌性的身型比雄性要大。[3]其脚和尾部都很长,全身被羽毛覆盖,头、背、尾和翼都呈灰色,而胸腹和颈部侧为暗粉红色。幼子的毛色与成年不同,通体为棕色,胸脯有许多条纹。[2]

棕颈鹰以鸟类为食,如鸽子,还有昆虫啮齿类动物和爬行类动物。[3]有纪录指棕颈鹰也会捕食长臂虾科的淡水大虾,[4]和淡水鱼。总言之,棕颈鹰既会捕食鱼类也会捕食鸟类。其会通过慢速,不动声色的滑翔来捕捉猎物,或会用双翼快速拍打攻击。猎物也会跑入荫蔽的地方躲起来,然而棕颈鹰会不断地进攻以试图赶出躲藏着的猎物。

棕颈鹰是一种季节性繁殖动物,繁殖期为每年的7月至12月。[5]雌性一般于9-12月下蛋。鸟巢主要由树脂构成,位于活树上。一般情况下,一窝蛋为2-3只(偶见4只),然而只有两只幼雏能长大并飞翔。[3]

虽然棕颈鹰现在被认为是斐济的特有种,但在汤加的埃瓦岛曾发现与其同物种的化石[6]棕颈鹰也曾在斐济的Lau岛出现过。[7]

参考资料

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2008). Accipiter rufitorques. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Downloaded on 3 February 2009.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Pratt, H Douglas; Bruner, Phillip & Berrett, Delwyn. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1987: 356. ISBN 0-691-08402-5. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Thiollay, J.M. (1994): Family Accipitridae (Hawks and Eagles) in del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334156
  4. ^ Clunie, Fergus. Harriers fishing (PDF). Notornis. 1980, 27 (2): 114. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-17). 
  5. ^ Clunie, Fergus. Nesting season of the Fiji Goshawk (PDF). Notornis. 1981, 28 (2). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-18). 
  6. ^ Steadman, David. Biogeography of Tongan birds before and after human impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 1993, 90 (3): 818–822. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.3.818. 
  7. ^ Steadman, David. Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Bird. University of Chicago Press. 2006: 360–361. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7. 

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