按察使銜分巡臺灣兵備道

 清朝按察使銜分巡臺灣兵備道
官邸按察使銜分巡臺灣兵備道道臺衙門
先前职位福建分巡臺灣兵備道
设立1788年
首任萬鍾傑
末任忠滿(代理)
废止1895年
后继职位福建臺灣巡撫

按察使銜分巡臺灣兵備道設置於清乾隆56年(公元1791年),前身為福建分巡臺灣兵備道,是台灣道正式的道員官職,即台灣清朝統治時期的實際行政主官。此官職名稱又稱為台道或亦可稱為台灣道分巡台灣道

按察使銜分巡台灣兵備道之官銜與前身「分巡台灣兵備道」最大不同在予新官職明確加授按察使銜,也就是將本來的正四品道員官銜提高到正三品按察使官銜,增加了可直接上奏清朝皇帝之職權。同時,也將福建省監察台灣的職務劃分與台灣道。簡言之,就是新官銜增加了獨立監察權,道署設於台南的台灣道仍為福建省所管轄,主官皆為外地輪調。

清光緒十一年(公元1885年),台灣道行政區劃升格為台灣省(正式名稱為福建台灣省)之後,按察使銜分巡台灣兵備道原則歸品等為從二品之台灣巡撫制約,實際行政權也為福建台灣布政使所承襲。布政使司為設省之建置,其職責必然與原道臺相重疊,也造成了職權劃分不清之問題的情形。台灣道劉璈任職期間與台灣巡撫劉銘傳之間,因為爭權造成許多紛爭,後來劉銘傳設局將劉璈罷免。

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