拉瓜地亞機場

拉瓜迪亞機場

LaGuardia Airport
概览
机场类型公共
所有者/營運者紐約及新澤西港口事務管理局
服務城市紐約都會區
地理位置 美国紐約州紐約市皇后區東埃姆赫斯特英语East Elmhurst, Queens
啟用日期1939年12月2日
(85年前)
​(1939-12-02
樞紐航空公司
重點航空公司捷藍航空[1]
海拔高度21英尺(6米)
坐标40°46′30″N 73°52′30″W / 40.77500°N 73.87500°W / 40.77500; -73.87500
網址laguardiaairport.com
地圖
FAA圖(2022年7月)
FAA圖(2022年7月)
LGA在纽约市的位置
LGA
LGA
LGA在纽约州的位置
LGA
LGA
LGA在美国的位置
LGA
LGA
跑道
方向 长度 表面
英尺
04/22 7,001 2,134 瀝青/混凝土
13/31 7,003 2,135 瀝青/混凝土
直升機停機坪
编号 长度 表面
英尺
H1 60 18 瀝青
H2 60 18 瀝青
統計數據(2020)
航空器營運138,855
客運8,245,192

拉瓜迪亞機場(英語:LaGuardia AirportIATA代码LGAICAO代码KLGAFAA代码LGA)是美國紐約都會區的三大機場之一,位於紐約市皇后區,面向法拉盛灣。此機場是以前紐約市長菲奧雷洛·H·拉瓜迪亞(Fiorello LaGuardia)命名。目前,機場是由紐約與新澤西港務局負責管理及營運,此管理局同時也管理營運甘迺迪國際機場紐華克自由國際機場

拉瓜迪亞機場由美國國內線主導,同時有少量國際線航班營運。截至2019年,拉瓜迪亞機場是紐約都會區第三繁忙的機場,次於約翰·肯尼迪國際機場紐瓦克自由國際機場,按客運量計算是美國第二十一繁忙英语List of the busiest airports in the United States的機場[3]。拉瓜迪亞機場雖是美國航空達美航空的樞紐,但是商業航班仍受嚴格規限限制,包括宵禁英语Noise control限時降落英语Landing slot,以及一項禁止多數不經停航線來往超過1500英里的周界規定[4]

2000年代至2010年代,拉瓜迪亞機場都一直被受詬病,機場設施殘舊破損、機場營運低效、客戶服務差劣等[5][6]。為了回應這些批評,紐約及新澤西港口事務管理局於2015年公佈將耗資80億美元對機場客運設施進行重建,預計於2025年全面完工[7]

設施

客運大樓

拉瓜迪亞機場設有三個客運大樓(A、B及C)共72個登機閘口[8][9]。三個客運大樓以巴士和天橋相連。所有客運大樓的指示牌都由Paul Mijksenaar英语Paul Mijksenaar設計[10]。一如其他港務局機場,拉瓜迪亞機場部分客運大樓由航空公司管理和維護。B客運大樓曾經直接由港務局營運,但截至2016年,B客運大樓已經交由一間私人公司LaGuardia Gateway Partners營運。

A客運大樓

A客運大樓又被称为海军航空站Marine Air Terminal英语Marine Air Terminal,MAT),是机场建成之初便已投用的航站楼。建成之初曾有泛美航空水上飞机执飞的国际航班停靠当时的水上飞机在長島灣降落后滑行至此地。水上飞机于1947年停运,而该航站楼则于1952年2月停运商业航班,改以通用航空为主。1986年,泛美航空在收购纽约航空英语New York Air后重启该航站楼,用作往波士顿、华盛顿的短途航班航站楼。1991年达美航空收购泛美后于1991年9月1日起继续使用航站楼。1995年,该航站楼被列为历史地标。2000年代该航站楼进行翻新工程,于2004年12月2日拉瓜迪亚建成65周年日时完成。

2017年,捷蓝航空和阿拉斯加航空开始使用该航站楼,而达美航空则将所有航班转移至C楼[11],但阿拉斯加航空则于2018年10月27日退出。2021年4月28日,精神航空开始使用该航站楼执飞往劳德代尔堡航班[12]。捷蓝于2021年7月9日转移至B楼营运后[13][14][15],至此精神航空成为唯一使用该航站楼的航司。

B客運大樓

B客運大樓美国航空的基地之一,并且有许多其他航司运营。B大楼于2017年进行改建工程,拆除原A、B、C、D指廊。新的B大楼于2020年启用,由HOK建筑事务所设计[16]。新的B客运大楼由一座大堂和两座独立的指廊组成,大堂和指廊间通过天桥连接。其中大堂至东指廊的天桥于2020年启用,西指廊于2022年1月27日启用[17]

大堂楼层:

4F 天桥往东西指廊、商业
3F 出发 送客匝道、值机、安检、停车
2F 到达 行李提取、租车、停车、迎客匝道、的士
1F 公共交通 欢迎中心、酒店穿梭车、公共巴士

西指廊(11-31)

东指廊(40–59)

C客運大樓

C楼的安检区域
达美连接航空客机于C楼

新的C客運大樓于2022年6月4日完成,由Corgan设计[19],由主楼和指廊D、E、F、G组成,共有34个登机口[20],有达美航空边疆航空西捷航空运营。新的C客运大楼由旧C和D两座客运大楼整合而成,D、F指廊为既有结构改造,而E、G两座指廊则为新建。

指廊:[21][22]

  • 登机口60A、60B、62-29:由旧C指廊C1-C41登机口改建,用作达美航空达美连接航空边疆航空西捷航空航班。改造完成后将设有61-69登机口并被归为D指廊
  • 登机口70、72-29:建于2022年并被归为E指廊,用作达美航空航班。
  • 登机口81-84、85A、85B和89:由旧D楼指廊D-11登机口改建,用作达美航空航班。改造完成后将设有80-89登机口并被归为F指廊
  • 登机口92-98:建于2019年并被归为G指廊,用作达美航空达美连接航空航班

飞行区

拉瓜迪亚机场在启用时设有4条跑道,相互夹角45度,最长的13/31跑道长6,000英尺(1,800米)[23]。18/36跑道在1947年发生冲出跑道事故后英语United Air Lines Flight 521关闭,长4,000英尺(1,200米)的9/27跑道于1958年拆除以建设航站楼。1961年在原跑道东侧重建13/31以新建平行滑行道,长度延长至7,000英尺(2,100米)。

拉瓜迪亚机场位于纽约终端管制英语New York TRACON。拉瓜地亞機場以东为肯尼迪机场进近空域。两场进近以拿骚县贝尔蒙特公园英语Belmont Park为基准的“贝尔蒙特空域”为界,拉瓜迪亚机场进场、离场航班主要使用“贝尔蒙特空域”以西、以北区域。拉瓜迪亚离场和肯尼迪进近管制根据风向、能见度决定两场的进近方式和“贝尔蒙特空域”的使用权[24][25]

拉瓜迪亚机场有以下运行模式[24]

  • 北风:31降落、04起飞
  • 南风:31降落、22起飞
  • 北风:22降落:13起飞
  • 南风:04降落、13起飞

为减少噪音和避免肯尼迪机场进近路线冲突,拉瓜迪亚机场有以下进、离场程序[26][27][28]

地面交通

Q70 bus operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations
Q70英语Q70 (New York City bus)“拉瓜迪亚联络线”

机场主要通过大中央快速路连接纽约市道路网[29]。截至2021年,機場及周邊範圍的公共交通只有巴士。所有航站樓都有低地台MTA巴士停靠,包括兩條特選巴士服務,以及無論OMNY還是都會卡都提供免費紐約地鐵轉乘優惠。

2022年4月1日,纽约州长霍楚宣布Q70自5月1日起免费[30][31]

机场内部同时提供联络不同航站楼的穿梭巴士[32]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2022-08-02]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-18). 
  2. ^ December 2019 Traffic Report (PDF) (报告). The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. [March 6, 2020]. 
  3. ^ 2019 Airport Traffic Report (PDF). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2019: 29 [2022-08-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-27). 
  4. ^ Long Distance at La Guardia. The New York Sun. August 4, 2005 [March 4, 2010]. (原始内容存档于June 26, 2009). 
  5. ^ LaGuardia Airport has most flight delays in the nation, report finds. WABC-TV. February 27, 2017 [October 15, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-19). 
  6. ^ Krumboltz, Mike. Biden compares New York's LaGuardia airport to 'third world country'. Yahoo! News. February 6, 2014 [February 6, 2014]. (原始内容存档于February 9, 2014). 
  7. ^ Cho, Aileen. Final Destination in Sight for $8B LaGuardia Modernization. Engineering News-Record. October 27, 2020 [October 15, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-11). 
  8. ^ Barone, Richard; Pichardo, Alyssa; Zupan, Jeffrey. Upgrading to World Class: The Future of the Region's Airports Revisited (PDF) (报告). Regional Plan Association. June 2018 [2022-08-03]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-05-11). 
  9. ^ Russell, James S. The New LaGuardia Is Haunted by the Mistakes of its Past. Bloomberg News. 3 June 2022 [7 June 2022] (英语). 
  10. ^ New York and New Jersey Airports. Mijksenaar BV. [May 18, 2009]. (原始内容存档于February 23, 2012). 
  11. ^ LaGuardia Airport is about to make weekend travel so much worse. New York Post. December 6, 2017 [December 7, 2017]. (原始内容存档于December 7, 2017) (美国英语). 
  12. ^ Spirit Airlines Adds Three New Popular Destinations from LaGuardia, Announces Operations Out of a Second Terminal. [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-07). 
  13. ^ JetBlue and American Airlines Partnership Makes it Easier Than Ever for Customers to Return to Travel with Largest Schedule, More Benefits and a Seamless Travel Experience. news.aa.com. [July 20, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-21) (美国英语). 
  14. ^ @LGAairport. Starting on Saturday, July 9, all @JetBlue flights at LaGuardia will operate out of Terminal B – including those to/from Boston. (推文). 2022-07-06 –通过Twitter. 
  15. ^ JetBlue relocates at LaGuardia Airport to Terminal B. PIX11. July 8, 2022 [2022-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-13). 
  16. ^ LaGuardia Airport New Terminal B. [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15). 
  17. ^ Ly, Laura. Passenger facilities at LaGuardia's multibillion-dollar Terminal B are officially complete. CNN Travel. January 27, 2021 [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-17). 
  18. ^ LaGuardia Airport unveils new skybridge as part of redevelopment project. WABC-TV. May 20, 2021 [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-18). 
  19. ^ Delta Air Lines Terminal C, LaGuardia Airport. Corgan.com. [2022-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-06). 
  20. ^ 达美航空启用纽约拉瓜迪亚机场C航站楼新设施. 中国民航网. 2022-06-08 [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-18). 
  21. ^ Aviation. [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-11). 
  22. ^ Delta Skyway at LGA. [2022-08-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-07). 
  23. ^ La Guardia Airport, N.Y.. New York State Archives. September 26, 1947 [July 7, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-11). 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Alexander David Donaldson. Improvement of Terminal Area Capacity in the New York Airspace (PDF). MIT. 2011 [2024-06-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-07-08). 
  25. ^ JFK Airport Committee New York Community Aviation Roundtable (PDF). PANYNJ. 2022-09-12 [2024-06-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-06-26). 
  26. ^ Scott, Ronald W.; McConkey, Edwin D. An avionics sensitivity study. Volume 1: Operational considerations (PDF) (报告). 1976. 
  27. ^ AhmadBeygi, S; Bromberg, E; Elliott, M; Lewis, T.; Sud, V. Capability-aware traffic flow management for metroplex environments. 2013 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE. 2013: 1–13 [2024-06-04]. ISBN 978-1-4673-6253-5. S2CID 18938883. doi:10.1109/ICNSurv.2013.6548558. (原始内容存档于2024-06-10). 
  28. ^ Boan, Linda M; Arlene M. Cooper; Heather L. Danner; Jonathan Hoffman; Jennifer L. Reese. Operational Analysis of Mitigation of the NY/NJ/PHL Airspace Redesign (PDF). MITRE Product MP070049, Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, MITRE (McLean, VA: Federal Aviation Administration). 2007 [2024-06-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-23). 
  29. ^ LaGuardia Airport – Map. www.laguardiaairport.com. PANYNJ. [October 29, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-11). 
  30. ^ Q70 Bus to LaGuardia Is Free for All Starting May 1, Hochul Says. NBC New York. April 27, 2022 [April 28, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-11). 
  31. ^ Izzo, Justin. Q70 bus to LaGuardia to be free, Hochul says. Spectrum News NY1 New York City. April 27, 2022 [April 28, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-07). 
  32. ^ LGA Airport – All-airline terminal shuttle bus (PDF). www.laguardiaairport.com. PANYNJ. November 2020 [October 29, 2021]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-03). 

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Unincorporated community in New Mexico, United StatesMiami, New MexicoUnincorporated communityMiamiLocation within the state of New MexicoShow map of New MexicoMiamiMiami (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 36°21′00″N 104°47′35″W / 36.35000°N 104.79306°W / 36.35000; -104.79306CountryUnited StatesStateNew MexicoCountyColfaxElevation[1]6,195 ft (1,888 m)Time zoneUTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-6...

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Das Pushout (auch Kofaserprodukt, kokartesisches Quadrat, Fasersumme, amalgamierte Summe) ist ein Begriff aus dem mathematischen Teilgebiet der Kategorientheorie. Es handelt sich um die zum Pullback duale Konstruktion. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Pushout von Moduln 2 Pushout in Kategorien 3 Beispiele 4 Einzelnachweise Pushout von Moduln Es seien α 1 : X → X 1 {\displaystyle \alpha _{1}:X\rightarrow X_{1}} und α 2 : X → X 2 {\displaystyle \alpha _{2}:X\rightarrow X_{2}} zw...

 

1866 battle between Prussia and Baden This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Battle of HundheimPart of Austro-Prussian WarDate23 July 1866LocationHundheim, Baden49°42′14.2″N 9°27′19.6″E / 49.703944°N 9.455444°E / 49.703944; 9.455444Result Prussia and Saxe-Coburg...

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati dell'Amapá è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Laranjal do Jaricomune Laranjal do Jari – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Brasile Stato federato Amapá MesoregioneSul do Amapá MicroregioneMazagão AmministrazioneSindacoManoel José Alves Pereira Data di istituzione17 dicembre 1987 TerritorioCoordinate0°50′30″S 52°31′13″W0°50′30″S, 52°31′13″W (Laranjal do Jari) Altitudi...

 

War between China and Vietnam in 1979 This article is about the 1979 war. For other Sino-Vietnamese military conflicts, see Sino-Vietnamese War (disambiguation). Sino-Vietnamese WarPart of the Third Indochina War, the Sino-Soviet split and the Cold WarMap of Vietnamese cities that were attacked by ChinaDate17 February – 16 March 1979(3 weeks and 6 days)LocationChina–Vietnam border, Northwest Vietnam, Northeast VietnamResult Status quo ante bellum; Both sides claim v...