1964年世界博覽會

1964/1965紐約市世界博览会
1964 view from the observation towers of the New York State Pavilion; the Unisphere is in the center, Shea Stadium at far background left.
概览
BIE分类未注册
名称1964/1965 New York World's Fair
1964年/1965年紐約世界博覽會
主題Peace through Understanding[1]
建筑Unisphere[1]
面积646 acre(261 ha)[2]
展出发明140個展館[2] picture phone, CRT light pen
参观者51,607,307[1]
组织者Robert Moses
参与展览
参展国80[1] (hosted by 37 nations)
参展组织15
参展企业General Electric, Ford, General Motors, Chrysler, IBM, Bell Telephone, US Steel, Pepsi Cola, Seven Up, Dupont, RCA, Westinghouse
位置
国家 美国
城市紐約市
园区法拉盛草原可樂娜公園
时间
竞选1955
获选never
开幕
  • 1964年4月22日 (1964-04-22)
  • 1965年4月21日 (1965-04-21)
闭幕
  • 1964年10月18日 (1964-10-18)
  • 1965年10月17日 (1965-10-17)
全球
前次21世紀博覽會 美国西雅圖
后次1967年世界博覽會(Expo 67): 加拿大蒙特利爾
网络信息
官方网站www.nywf64.com

1964年/1965年紐約世界博覽會(New York World's fair 1964/1965),展期分成两部分,1964年4月22日至10月18日,1965年4月21日至10月17日,在美國紐約法拉盛草原可樂娜公園舉辦,是美國歷史上参观人数最多的世界博覽會,据统计有超过5千万人参观此次世博会,这也是纽约市第三次举行世界博览会[3]这次博览会的主题是“通過理解走向和平”[4]这次博览会的标志建筑是一个12层楼高的,不锈钢的大地球仪(Unisphere),象征着“国际普遍参与”,但事实上美国企业主宰了这次世界博览会,因此这次展览很大程度上因展示了20世纪中期的美国科技与文化而被人铭记[5],这次博览会也给后来参加越南战争的孩子带来了一些童年的美好回味,这次世博会没有获得国际展览局(BIE)认证,但这次世博会应该是世界上第一次出席人员携带电脑设备的博览会,许多公司都使用了带键盘阴极射线管显示器的电脑终端机,大型计算机打字机打孔器电话调制器等,此时电脑一直都在办公室中使用,在公共场合很少露面[6]

参展国家

由于BIE未给与此次博览会认证,所有BIE成员国,苏联欧洲主要国家、加拿大澳大利亚均未参与,这给此次世博会带来了巨大损失。[7]20世纪60年代,美国经济达到顶峰,吸引了一些小国家和第三世界国家的广泛参与,它们成为了除美国外的主要参展国,如中華民國西班牙菲律宾奥地利巴基斯坦日本等国。

国际展馆

最受欢迎的展馆应该是罗马教廷展馆,米开朗琪罗的作品圣母怜子(哀悼基督)在此展出,为纪念此馆,在展馆处修建了一个小广场保留至今,教皇保罗六世于1965年还参观了此地。

一处供娱乐的仿造的比利时中世纪小村庄很受欢迎,游客们可以尝到有一对夫妇制作的“布鲁塞尔华夫饼”由华夫饼干草莓奶油制成。[8]

在七喜花园展馆中,游客们可以尝到世界各地的三明治并有幸听到“七喜大陆乐队”的演唱。[9][10]

新兴非洲国家在非洲馆展出参展品,约旦馆展出的一幅壁画引起了争议,内容是巴勒斯坦人民的悲惨生活,约旦人还在约旦馆的旧址处捐赠了一个古老的石柱。

冷战热点地区西柏林市举行了一场很受欢迎的展出。

美国展馆

美国馆打出旗号“向伟大挑战”,专注于美国总统约翰逊提出的“伟大的社会”。NASA美国国防部和世博会举办方赞助修建了一个8100平方米的公园,展出了火星5号使用的5台引擎、X-15实体模型、阿波罗指挥舱模型、月球旅行器模型等。

威斯康星州展出了世界上最大的芝士,福罗里达州带来了海豚表演、火烈鸟和一只多才多艺的凤头鹦鹉,俄克拉荷马州修建的公园供疲劳的游客休息,密苏里州举办了国家空间产业展,夏威夷州开办了“5座火山”餐厅。[11]

路易斯安那州的展馆名为“路易斯安那州波旁街”,后来更名缩短为“波旁街”(Bourbon Street),受新奥尔良法国街区的启发得名。它开始因经济问题而破产,后被一家私人企业接管运营。

一个有白人扮演黑人的演出引起了广泛关注,全国有色人种协进会成员对该乐队提出了抗议,认为此举有损黑人尊严。

照片

参考

  • World's Fair Legacies William P. Young.[12]
  • Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Today William P. Young.[13]
  • International Participation in the New York World's Fair 1964–1965 Sharyn Elise Jackson.[14]
  • Editors, Time-Life Books Official Guide: 1964–1965 New York World's Fair . Book Sales: 1963-1965.
  • Third Supplemental Report on New York World's Fair 1964–1965 Corporation Covering Operations from Inception to December 31, 1966. October 26, 1967.[15]
  • The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair: Creation and Legacy. Bill Cotter, Bill Young. Arcadia Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7385-5745-8.[16]
  • The End of the Innocence: The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair. Lawrence R. Samuel. Syracuse University Press, 2007.
  • New York Public Library archives of '64–'65 World's Fair. Manuscripts & Archives Division of Fair Administration, Construction, Maintenance, Participation, and Public Relations.[17]

註釋

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 引用错误:没有为名为park的参考文献提供内容
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 引用错误:没有为名为ibm的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ Archdiocese History页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Archdiocese of New York. Retrieved November 5, 2007.
  4. ^ Peace Through understanding
  5. ^ “The fair is best remembered as a showcase of mid-20th century American culture and technology”英语维基百科
  6. ^ the use of mainframe computers, computer terminals with keyboards and CRT displays, Teletype machines, punch cards, and telephone modems ... computer equipment was kept in back offices away from the public页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)”英文维基百科
  7. ^ Caro, Robert (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-48076-3.
  8. ^ 布鲁塞尔华夫饼的图片. [永久失效連結]
  9. ^ The New York Times, September 29, 1964, Pg. 21
  10. ^ The New York Times, May 31, 1964, p. R1
  11. ^ Leuthner, Stuart. "Small World页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". American Heritage. American Heritage Publishing Company. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  12. ^ World's Fair Legacies - Page One. Nywf64.com. [2010-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-03). 
  13. ^ Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Today - Page One. Nywf64.com. [2010-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-03). 
  14. ^ 存档副本. [2012-07-13]. (原始内容存档于2007-11-05). 
  15. ^ Farewell to the Fair - Page Six. Nywf64.com. [2010-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-15). 
  16. ^ Fisher, Amy. Front Page | www.qgazette.com | Queens Gazette. www.qgazette.com. 2008-07-23 [2010-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-19). 
  17. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2015-12-03]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-27). 

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