弹道明胶(ballistic gelatin),也称弹道凝胶(ballistic gel),是一种源自瘦猪肉的凝固明胶水溶液,因为密度和黏度与人体肌肉和软组织相近,因此常常被用于终端弹道学中作为模拟各种远射武器的抛射物毁伤效果的标准试验介质,由美国军医、赖特曼陆军研究所(Letterman Army Institute of Research)创伤弹道学实验室的创始人马丁·法克勒(Martin L. Fackler,1933~2015)研发改进[1][2][3]。虽然弹道明胶无法比拟人体肌肉的真正抗拉强度,更不能模拟皮肤和骨骼等更韧更硬的组织,但是在高速弹道测试中的模拟效果仍然良好。
^Choose your ammo... police style (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): "This resulted in the FBI Wound Ballistics Workshop of 1988 in Quantico, Virginia. Among those present were Dr. Martin Fackler, head of wound ballistics research for the US Army’s medical training center, Letterman Institute. Fackler had developed an improved ballistic gelatin model that he had scientifically correlated to swine muscle tissue, which in turn is comparable to human muscle tissue. He hypothesized that wound depth was much more important than previously thought, and recommended ammunition that could send a bullet at least twelve inches into his ballistic gelatin."
^Fackler ML, Malinowski JA. Ordnance gelatin for ballistic studies. Detrimental effect of excess heat used in gelatin preparation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1988, 9 (3): 218–9. PMID 3177350. doi:10.1097/00000433-198809000-00008.
^Breeze, J.; Hunt, N.; Gibb, I.; James, G.; Hepper, A.; Clasper, J. Experimental penetration of fragment simulating projectiles into porcine tissues compared with simulants. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2013, 20 (4): 296–299. ISSN 1752-928X. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2012.12.007.
更多参考
MacPherson, Duncan. Bullet Penetration: Modeling the Dynamics and the Incapacitation Resulting from Wound Trauma. El Segundo, CA: Ballistic Publications. 1994. ISBN 0-9643577-0-4.
Fackler ML, Malinowski JA. Ordnance gelatin for ballistic studies. Detrimental effect of excess heat used in gelatin preparation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. September 1988, 9 (3): 218–9. PMID 3177350. doi:10.1097/00000433-198809000-00008.
Jussila J. Preparing ballistic gelatine—review and proposal for a standard method. Forensic Science International. 2004-05-10, 141 (2–3): 91–98. PMID 15062946. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.036.