帕羅機場

帕羅機場
སྤ་རོ་གནམ་ཐང༌།
概览
机场类型民用
營運者不丹民航部英语Department of Civil Aviation of Bhutan
服務城市廷布帕羅
地理位置帕羅宗
樞紐航空公司
海拔高度2,235米(7,332英尺)
坐标27°24′32″N 089°25′14″E / 27.40889°N 89.42056°E / 27.40889; 89.42056
地圖
PBH/VQPR在不丹的位置
PBH/VQPR
PBH/VQPR
機場在不丹的位置
跑道
方向 长度 表面
英尺
15/33 1,964 6,445 瀝青
来源[1]

帕羅機場不丹語སྤ་རོ་གནམ་ཐང༌།IATA代码PBHICAO代码VQPR)是不丹唯一一座国际机场,離帕罗市中心約6公里(3.7英里),位於帕羅河英语Paro Chhu岸邊的深谷中,四周被高達5,480米(17,980英尺)的高山包圍著,地勢險要,起降難度極具挑戰性。[2]

所有飛往帕羅機場的飛機,只可以在目視氣象條件英语Visual Meteorological Conditions下起降,並且只能在日間起降[3]。該機場是不丹僅有的四座機場英语List of airports in Bhutan之一。

歷史

1968年,印度邊境道路建設局帕羅谷地建了一座簡易機場,最初用於印度軍隊代表不丹皇室執行直升機操作任務。1981年4月5日,按照皇家特許狀,不丹的第一家航空公司——不丹皇家航空成立。

帕羅機場位於平均海拔2,235米(7,332英尺)的深谷中,四周環繞高達5,500米(18,000英尺)的山峰[4]。最初機場跑道有1,200米(3,900英尺)長[5],因而不丹政府需要對機種做出選擇,飛機要在18至20座之間,具備短距起降英语STOL能力,操作性能需滿足高升限英语Ceiling (aeronautics)、高爬升率、高機動性。根據帕羅的基础设施能滿足的最低條件,對飛機的主要要求是單次加油下能執行加尔各答 – 帕羅 – 加尔各答的來回航線(1,200公里(750英里;650海里))。在1978年至1980年間在印度和不丹的試飛英语Flight test後考慮了三種機型,但最終認為都不合適[5]

1981年中期,印度政府成立了委員會為本國研究輕型運輸機。基於其研究成果,不丹政府訂購了一架多尼爾228飛機,在1983年1月交貨,並預留了在1983年底交付第二架飛機的選擇權。1983年1月14日,第一架18座多尼爾228-200飛機降落在帕羅機場。飛機落地後,機上乘客及機組人員按帕羅宗高級喇嘛的事先安排停留在機坪上。[5]

1983年2月11日,不丹皇家航空開通了帕羅機場的第一條商業航線,其中101航班從帕羅飛往加尔各答,次日的102航班從加尔各答返回帕羅。運營初期,帕羅機場有一條跑道、兩個房間的航空交通管制大樓(其底層用作登機報到櫃枱)和草坪上的機場貴賓室[6]。在1986年1月不丹民航部英语Department of Civil Aviation of Bhutan成立之前,不丹皇家航空承擔帕羅機場設施的運營及維護工作[7]

1990年,帕羅機場的跑道從1,400米(4,600英尺)擴建至1,964米(6,445英尺),並做了加固,以供更大型的飛機起降[8]。此外,印度政府出資修建了飞机库,這是帕羅機場發展工程的一部分[9]。1988年11月21日,不丹皇家航空的第一架噴氣式飛機BAe 146-100運抵帕羅機場。2003年,不丹皇家航空想更換此機,2004年10月19日,該航空公司的第一架空中巴士A319-100飛機運抵帕羅機場[10]

設施

機場內部(拍攝於2011年)
帕羅機場航站楼的不丹皇家航空

帕羅機場有一條瀝青跑道,長1,964米(6,445英尺)[1]航站楼於1999年投入使用[11]

2012年,報道稱帕羅機場共有旅客181659人次。[12]

航空公司及目的地

不丹皇家航空空中巴士A319BAe 146型客機停泊於帕羅機場(攝於2005年)
不丹皇家航空空中巴士A319-115型客機停泊於帕羅機場

不丹皇家航空是不丹的國家航空公司,其總部設於帕羅機場。2010年8月,佛陀航空成為第一家經營飛往帕羅航線的外國航空公司[13]。2011年12月,不丹的第一家民營航空公司塔希航空(Tashi Air)成立(現名為不丹航空[14]

航空公司目的地
不丹不丹皇家航空(KB) 國內線:雅卡爾英语Bathpalathang Airport吉列普英语Gelephu Airport塔希岡英语Yongphulla Airport
國際線:德里加爾各答古瓦哈提英语Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport巴格多格拉英语Bagdogra Airport加德滿都達卡曼谷-蘇凡納布新加坡東京-成田杜拜-國際
包機香港臺北-桃園
不丹不丹航空(B3) 國際線: 德里[15]加爾各答加德滿都曼谷-蘇凡納布
季節性加雅英语Gaya Airport孟買

季節性: 孟買

季節性包機: 香港

尼泊尔佛陀航空(U4) 包機:加德滿都

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Paro – Vqpr. World Aero Data. [2015-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). (英文)
  2. ^ 737-700 Technical Demonstration Flights in Bhutan (PDF). AERO. 2003-07 [2009-05-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-05-24). (英文)
  3. ^ Flightglobal Reports and Analysis. Flightglobal. [2009-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-07). (英文)
  4. ^ The A319 excels in operations from high-altitude airports (新闻稿). Airbus. 2005-02-21 [2015-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-14). (英文)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Christ, Rolf F. Bhutan puts its flag on the world's air map. ICAO Journal (加拿大蒙特利尔: 国际民用航空组织). 1983-06, 38 (6): 11–13. (原始内容存档于2014-12-17). (英文)
  6. ^ Chattopadhyay, Suhrid Sankar. Aiming high. 前線英语Frontline (magazine) (印度金奈: 印度教徒報集團英语The Hindu Group). 2008-05-09, 25 (9): 122 [2015-11-20]. ISSN 0970-1710. (原始内容存档于2014-06-14). (英文)
  7. ^ Department of Civil Aviation. 不丹信息和通訊部英语Ministry of Information and Communication (Bhutan). (原始内容存档于2011-07-06). 
  8. ^ Brunet, Sandra; Bauer, Johannes; De Lacy, Terry; Tshering, Karma. Tourism Development in Bhutan: Tensions between Tradition and Modernity (PDF). Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2001, 9 (3): 243 [2015-11-20]. doi:10.1080/09669580108667401.  (英文)
  9. ^ Zimba, Dasho Yeshey. Bhutan Towards Modernization. Ramakant and Misra, Ramesh Chandra (编). Bhutan: Society and Polity 2nd. Indus Publishing. 1996: 144 [2015-11-20]. ISBN 81-7387-044-6. (原始内容存档于2014-12-17). (英文)
  10. ^ Drukair's first Airbus lands in Paro. 帕羅: Kuensel英语Kuensel. 2004-10-20. (原始内容存档于2011-06-10). 
  11. ^ Paro Airport. dca.gov.bt. [2015-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-12-02). (英文)
  12. ^ Running short of space and human resource. Kuensel英语Kuensel. (原始内容存档于2014-12-13). 
  13. ^ Buddha Air in service 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2012-04-15. Bhutan Broadcasting Service, 2010-08-24.
  14. ^ Tashi Group - TASHI AIR LAUNCHED ON 4TH DEC. 2011. tashigroup.bt. [2015-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-06). (英文)
  15. ^ Bhutan Airlines Adds Delhi Service from mid-September 2015. airlineroute.net. 2015-02-25 [2015-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-13). (英文)

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