崇妙保圣坚牢塔

26°04′38.96″N 119°18′01.40″E / 26.0774889°N 119.3003889°E / 26.0774889; 119.3003889

崇妙保圣坚牢塔
全国重点文物保护单位
中华人民共和国国务院公布
地址福建省福州市
分类古建筑及历史纪念建筑物
时代五代
编号5-330
认定时间2001年6月25日

崇妙保圣坚牢塔閩東語崇妙保聖堅牢塔平話字Cùng-miêu-bō̤-séng-giĕng-lò̤-ták[福州話讀音]),位于中國福州市鼓楼区八一七中路旁,乌山东麓。因塔身为用花岗石砌建,风化后略呈黑色,故俗称“乌塔”(閩東語烏塔平話字Ŭ-ták)。由五代时期闽国皇帝王延羲修建,是中国为数不多的五代石塔之一。宝塔及其内部的佛像、文字是研究闽国历史、宗教及雕刻艺术的珍贵资料。1961年公布为福建省文物保护单位。2001年成为全国重点文物保护单位

简史

后晋天福六年(永隆三年,941年)王延羲称帝,为给自身及属下祈福而在贞元无垢净光塔旧址兴建宝塔。原计划建造八角九层,但天福九年(944年),王延羲被下属刺杀,塔建七层而停工。天启元年(1621年)大修,于底层八个转角处增嵌八大金刚立像。康熙三十五年(1696年)重修,并重铸塔刹。1958年,因塔身倾斜,福建省人民委员会拨款维修,逐层箍以钢条,以水泥灌注石缝加固。[1]

建筑和石刻

塔为楼阁式,塔身八角七层,以花岗岩石砌造,略呈黑色,通高34.74米。塔基为三层台阶式,埋没于地表下近2米,地表以上高32.86米。塔身自下而上,逐层收分,层高逐级递减,叠涩出檐。八角各有翘脊,脊端各坐镇塔佛一尊,七层共计56尊。塔顶为八面坡,覆砵结顶,上置圆球、宝塔和露盘,铁葫芦顶刹。露盘八方各垂铁链,与塔顶八角脊端连接。登塔石阶设于柱状塔身内,呈曲尺形交替而上。

第一层塔身东面设门,其余七面塔壁各设一供佛石龛,八角各立一尊明代天启元年镶嵌的金刚。从第二层起,各层均为双面对称设门,余面有长方形佛龛,下为须弥座,各龛内镶黑色页岩浮雕佛像一尊。佛像左右上方分别刻佛名和捐资祈福者题名。

宝塔每层统一供奉一佛,自下而上分别为:南无金轮王佛南无当来下生弥勒佛南无无量寿佛南无多宝佛南无药师琉璃光佛南无龙自在王佛南无释迦牟尼佛。佛像皆以黑色页岩为料,工艺细腻,磨琢光润,各佛的坐相、手势与法器也各不相同。

塔名碑嵌于四层东壁,黑色页岩质,高1.73米,宽0.92米,楷体双行直下书“崇妙保圣坚牢之塔”。上款为功德主王曦名号等,计42字;下款为监造官员名号等,计80字,均各一行。塔记嵌于第五层南壁,黑色页岩碑质,高1.37米,楷书碑文,篆字题额“崇妙保圣坚牢塔”,共21行,每行计27字。另有祈福题名碑嵌于七层南壁,上列闽国王室及高级官员爵号、职位及妻子爵封、姓氏等。此外,塔东南侧有贞元十五年(799年)所刻之“敕贞元无垢净光塔铭”碑,碑高4米,宽1.3米,龟趺,是福建省现存最为古老的碑刻。[2]

环境

被冠亚广场居民小区包围,东面的有一层的冠亚广场。

参考资料

  1. ^ 崇妙保圣坚牢塔(摘自《鼓楼区志》). 福州市鼓楼区人民政府门户网站. [2009-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-02). 
  2. ^ 崇妙保圣坚牢塔. 福建文物——福建省文物局网站. [2009-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-18). 

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