多鹵代化合物

十溴二苯醚的構造。十溴二苯醚屬於多鹵代化合物

多鹵代化合物(Polyhalogenated compounds)簡稱PHC,是指其中有許多卤素取代基的化合物。因為這類化合物容易在人體內累積,而且其中有許多有毒及致癌的化學物質,因此格外受到關注。像多溴二苯醚(PBDE)、多氯聯苯(PCB)、多氯二聯苯戴奧辛化合物(PCDD)、全氟化物(PFC)都是多鹵代化合物,這些都是有機化合物,其中也有不少是鹵代。多鹵代化合物多半不會和在有機溶劑或是水混溶,不過有些會和被卤素取代前的烃類或是有機化合物混溶。

用途

多鹵代化合物用在許多製品中,例如木材處理、鍋具的塗層(避免食物沾鍋)、防水、阻燃劑及阻燃塗層、化妝品、醫藥、電容器或是變壓器中的絕緣液體、食物容器及保鮮膜。多鹵代化合物用在包括家具汽车飛機塑料服装、手術、絕緣、粘著劑、油漆、塗料、密封膠、潤滑油、聚氨酯泡沫、癌症治療及醫學影像。在病虫害防治中也用到大量多鹵代化合物。

安全性

多鹵代化合物中包括許多著名的危險物質,例如橙劑滴滴涕有機氯殺蟲劑及其他农药。許多多鹵代化合物雖然不是农药或是殺蟲劑,但也有類似的安全性問題。

分類

化合物的裂解

雖然多鹵代化合物會在人體內累積,不過目前已經有專利,在製造時透過電解移除多鹵代化合物中的鹵素[1]。另一種方式則是用厭氧細菌來處理[2]

參考資料

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